﻿MANUAL 
  OF 
  FISH-CULTURE. 
  15 
  

  

  being- 
  shallow, 
  an 
  Indian 
  method 
  of 
  fishing 
  is 
  used. 
  The 
  aversion 
  of 
  

   salmon 
  to 
  heading 
  downstream 
  is 
  well 
  known, 
  but 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  very 
  

   much 
  frightened 
  they 
  will 
  turn 
  around 
  and 
  rush 
  downstream 
  at 
  their 
  

   utmost 
  speed. 
  The 
  Indians 
  take 
  advantage 
  of 
  this 
  fact 
  and 
  build 
  a 
  

   dam 
  of 
  rock 
  or 
  wickerwork, 
  or 
  anything 
  that 
  will 
  present 
  an 
  obstruc- 
  

   tion 
  to 
  the 
  frightened 
  fish. 
  It 
  is 
  shaped 
  like 
  the 
  letter 
  V, 
  with 
  the 
  angle 
  

   downstream, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  angle 
  is 
  a 
  large 
  trap 
  into 
  which 
  the 
  fish 
  are 
  

   driven. 
  This 
  was 
  at 
  one 
  time 
  the 
  principal 
  method 
  of 
  capturing 
  the 
  

   breeding 
  salmon 
  at 
  Clackamas, 
  and 
  it 
  worked 
  very 
  satisfactorily. 
  Fyke 
  

   nets 
  and 
  other 
  fish-catching 
  devices 
  have 
  been 
  employed 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  

   time, 
  but 
  have 
  been 
  rejected 
  as 
  unsatisfactory. 
  

  

  At 
  Baird, 
  before 
  the 
  rack 
  was 
  employed 
  permanently, 
  seine 
  fishing 
  

   was 
  usually 
  begun 
  after 
  dark 
  and 
  continued 
  throughout 
  the 
  night, 
  but 
  

   since 
  the 
  rack 
  has 
  been 
  in 
  use 
  the 
  seine 
  has 
  been 
  hauled 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  

   in 
  the 
  daytime 
  with 
  perfectly 
  satisfactory 
  results, 
  the 
  fishing 
  generally 
  

   commencing 
  about 
  4.30 
  a. 
  m. 
  and 
  continuing 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  results 
  war- 
  

   rant 
  it. 
  The 
  work 
  is 
  resumed 
  again 
  about 
  5 
  o'clock 
  in 
  the 
  afternoon 
  

   and 
  continued 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  it 
  meets 
  with 
  success. 
  

  

  RACK 
  FOR 
  CLOSING 
  THE 
  STREAM. 
  

  

  The 
  rack 
  employed 
  as 
  a 
  barricade 
  against 
  the 
  ascending 
  salmon 
  

   consists 
  of 
  a 
  fence 
  placed 
  across 
  the 
  river 
  and 
  supported 
  by 
  piers 
  heavy 
  

   enough 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  force 
  of 
  the 
  current 
  from 
  pushing 
  them 
  out 
  of 
  

   position. 
  Log 
  stringers, 
  from 
  8 
  to 
  15 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter, 
  are 
  laid 
  from 
  

   pier 
  to 
  pier, 
  to 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  securely 
  pinned, 
  and 
  posts, 
  from 
  2 
  to 
  4 
  

   inches 
  in 
  diameter 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  required 
  length, 
  are 
  driven 
  obliciuely 
  

   into 
  the 
  bed 
  of 
  the 
  river, 
  the 
  lower 
  ends 
  being 
  3 
  or 
  4 
  feet 
  upstream, 
  

   the 
  upper 
  ends 
  resting 
  on 
  the 
  stringers. 
  Against 
  these 
  posts 
  is 
  laid 
  the 
  

   rack, 
  which 
  is 
  made 
  in 
  sections, 
  each 
  to 
  10 
  feet 
  long, 
  the 
  slats 
  which 
  

   form 
  them 
  being 
  I4 
  inches 
  thick 
  and 
  3 
  inches 
  wide, 
  and 
  securely 
  

   braced 
  at 
  top 
  and 
  bottom. 
  The 
  slats 
  are 
  set 
  1^ 
  inches 
  apart, 
  and 
  are 
  

   beveled 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  side 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  present 
  less 
  resistance 
  to 
  the 
  

   current. 
  The 
  space 
  between 
  the 
  slats 
  allows 
  ample 
  room 
  for 
  the 
  water 
  

   to 
  go 
  through, 
  but 
  prevents 
  any 
  salmon 
  from 
  ascending. 
  A 
  wider 
  space 
  

   between 
  the 
  slats 
  would 
  be 
  preferable, 
  as 
  creating 
  less 
  obstruction 
  to 
  

   the 
  current, 
  but 
  it 
  would 
  allow 
  a 
  considerable 
  percentage 
  of 
  small 
  grilse 
  

   (the 
  young 
  salmon 
  after 
  its 
  first 
  return 
  from 
  the 
  sea) 
  to 
  get 
  by 
  the 
  rack, 
  

   and 
  unless 
  males 
  are 
  quite 
  plentiful 
  the 
  grilse 
  are 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  needed 
  

   when 
  the 
  spawning 
  season 
  arrives. 
  

  

  The 
  piers, 
  when 
  first 
  made, 
  are 
  hollow 
  triangles 
  of 
  heavy 
  logs, 
  each 
  

   layer 
  of 
  logs 
  being 
  firudy 
  pinned 
  to 
  the 
  one 
  below 
  it, 
  until 
  the 
  required 
  

   height 
  is 
  reached, 
  the 
  apex 
  of 
  the 
  triangle 
  i^ointing 
  upstream. 
  They 
  

   are 
  afterwards 
  filled 
  with 
  rocks 
  and 
  are 
  very 
  substantial. 
  Those 
  on 
  the 
  

   McCloud 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  withstand 
  the 
  tremendous 
  momentum 
  of 
  the 
  

   current, 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  highest 
  water. 
  

  

  