﻿MANUAL 
  OF 
  FISH-CULTURE. 
  81 
  

  

  hillside, 
  one 
  above 
  the 
  other, 
  with 
  earth 
  and 
  piling 
  embankments 
  on 
  

   the 
  lower 
  sides 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  ends. 
  A 
  pond 
  of 
  this 
  kind 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  

   plate 
  25, 
  and 
  is 
  the 
  one 
  here 
  described. 
  Varions 
  materials 
  may 
  be 
  used 
  

   for 
  damming 
  the 
  water. 
  The 
  embankments 
  may 
  be 
  made 
  altogether 
  

   of 
  earth 
  or 
  lined 
  with 
  stone, 
  brick, 
  cement, 
  or 
  timber, 
  according 
  to 
  

   circumstances. 
  Where 
  the 
  ground 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  porous 
  or 
  loose 
  formation 
  it 
  

   is 
  necessary 
  to 
  use 
  piling 
  or 
  cement 
  for 
  the 
  inside 
  of 
  the 
  embankments 
  

   and 
  possibly 
  cement 
  for 
  the 
  bottoms, 
  but 
  earth 
  bottoms 
  are 
  best 
  where 
  

   the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  permits. 
  The 
  water 
  enters 
  the 
  pond 
  at 
  one 
  

   end 
  and 
  discharges 
  from 
  the 
  lowest 
  ojjposite 
  corner. 
  The 
  bottom 
  is 
  

   graded 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  cross-section, 
  plate 
  25, 
  with 
  a 
  slope 
  toward 
  the 
  

   outlet, 
  so 
  that 
  when 
  all 
  the 
  water 
  is 
  drawn 
  out 
  the 
  fish 
  are 
  led 
  into 
  the 
  

   receiving- 
  trough 
  (C), 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  flush 
  with 
  the 
  earth 
  bottom 
  in 
  

   that 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  pond. 
  

  

  The 
  outlet 
  for 
  the 
  water 
  is 
  an 
  L-shaped 
  pipe, 
  shown 
  at 
  F, 
  and 
  is 
  

   placed 
  in 
  the 
  corner 
  of 
  the 
  pond, 
  the 
  long 
  end 
  passing 
  through 
  the 
  

   piling 
  and 
  underneath 
  the 
  pond 
  embankment; 
  the 
  short 
  end, 
  called 
  

   the 
  standpipe, 
  stands 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  inside 
  corner 
  of 
  the 
  pond, 
  in 
  an 
  

   upright 
  position. 
  The 
  standpipe 
  has 
  two 
  or 
  more 
  holes 
  cut 
  through 
  

   (G) 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  next 
  to 
  the 
  receiving-trough, 
  to 
  let 
  the 
  water 
  pass 
  out 
  

   in 
  drawing 
  down 
  tbe 
  iiond. 
  The 
  size 
  of 
  these 
  holes 
  is 
  in 
  proportion 
  to 
  

   tlie 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  standpiije, 
  which, 
  in 
  turn, 
  is 
  governed 
  by 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  

   pond. 
  The 
  holes 
  may 
  have 
  blocks 
  of 
  suitable 
  size 
  tacked 
  over 
  them 
  to 
  

   allow 
  the 
  pond 
  to 
  fill 
  with 
  water, 
  or, 
  what 
  is 
  more 
  convenient, 
  covered 
  

   with 
  blocks 
  arranged 
  to 
  slip 
  down 
  in 
  grooves, 
  one 
  block 
  resting 
  on 
  the 
  

   other. 
  Surrounding 
  the 
  standpipe 
  is 
  a 
  crib, 
  the 
  front 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  15 
  

   inches 
  or 
  more 
  from 
  the 
  pipe 
  and 
  contains 
  an 
  opening 
  for 
  a 
  guard 
  

   screen, 
  which 
  is 
  14 
  to 
  10 
  inches 
  wide 
  and 
  made 
  with 
  copper 
  or 
  galva- 
  

   nized 
  wire 
  cloth, 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  mesh 
  depending 
  on 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  fish 
  

   in 
  the 
  pond. 
  In 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  pond 
  is 
  a 
  receiving-trough 
  (C) 
  for 
  the 
  

   fish, 
  built 
  in 
  proportion 
  to 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  pond; 
  10 
  feet 
  long, 
  16 
  inches 
  

   wide, 
  and 
  G 
  inches 
  deep 
  is 
  a 
  satisfiictory 
  size 
  for 
  a 
  pond 
  like 
  the 
  one 
  

   described. 
  This 
  trough 
  extends 
  to 
  and 
  connects 
  with 
  the 
  standpipe, 
  

   and 
  the 
  guard-screen 
  is 
  arranged 
  to 
  fit 
  down 
  on 
  the 
  inside. 
  Every 
  

   part 
  is 
  made 
  secure, 
  to 
  prevent 
  fish 
  from 
  escaping 
  when 
  drawing 
  off 
  the 
  

   water. 
  The 
  supply-trough 
  or 
  pipe 
  is 
  arranged 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  fish 
  from 
  

   jumping 
  into 
  it 
  from 
  the 
  pond, 
  as 
  shown 
  at 
  A. 
  

  

  STOCKING 
  THE 
  EEARING-PONDS. 
  

  

  The 
  rearing-ponds 
  at 
  Wytheville 
  are 
  stocked 
  gradually, 
  500 
  to 
  1,000 
  

   fish 
  being 
  i)laced 
  in 
  the 
  pond 
  and 
  trained 
  to 
  take 
  food 
  before 
  more 
  are 
  

   added, 
  as 
  that 
  number 
  can 
  generally 
  find 
  enough 
  natural 
  food 
  to 
  sub- 
  

   sist 
  upon 
  until 
  they 
  learn 
  to 
  take 
  artificial 
  food. 
  When 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  

   accustomed 
  to 
  hand-feeding 
  another 
  1,000 
  fish 
  are 
  added, 
  and 
  in 
  about 
  

   ten 
  days 
  2,000 
  more, 
  this 
  practice 
  being 
  continued 
  until 
  the 
  pond 
  is 
  

   stocked 
  with 
  the 
  desired 
  number.' 
  When 
  fish 
  are 
  first 
  released 
  in 
  ponds 
  

  

  r. 
  C. 
  K. 
  1897 
  6 
  

  

  