﻿MANUAL 
  OF 
  FISH-CULTURE. 
  157 
  

  

  usually 
  spread 
  two 
  layers 
  deep, 
  but 
  can 
  be 
  put 
  ou 
  more 
  thickly. 
  When 
  

   eighteen 
  trays 
  are 
  filled 
  they 
  are 
  wrapped 
  in 
  the 
  outer 
  cloth, 
  previously 
  

   soaked 
  in 
  water, 
  and 
  tightly 
  buckled 
  together. 
  The 
  crate 
  covers 
  and 
  

   tray 
  cloths 
  are 
  boiled 
  in 
  water 
  each 
  time 
  after 
  use. 
  

  

  Each 
  tray 
  — 
  14 
  by 
  19 
  inches 
  area, 
  with 
  two 
  layers 
  of 
  eggs 
  — 
  holds 
  

   about 
  20,000 
  eggs, 
  the 
  contents 
  of 
  a 
  full 
  crate 
  representing 
  from 
  300,000 
  

   to 
  100,000 
  eggs. 
  While 
  in 
  transit 
  the 
  crates 
  are 
  sprinkled 
  with 
  river 
  

   water 
  on 
  the 
  sides 
  at 
  least 
  once 
  an 
  hour, 
  and 
  kept 
  in 
  the 
  shade, 
  away 
  

   from 
  the 
  cooling 
  influence 
  of 
  the 
  wind, 
  to 
  preserve 
  even 
  temperature. 
  

  

  TRANSPLANTING. 
  

  

  The 
  propagation 
  of 
  shad 
  is 
  mainly 
  carried 
  on 
  to 
  maintain 
  or 
  increase 
  

   the 
  supply 
  in 
  rivers 
  where 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  native, 
  and 
  the 
  fr^^ 
  are 
  liber- 
  

   ated 
  with 
  that 
  end 
  in 
  viewj 
  but 
  the 
  shad 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  planted, 
  in 
  

   some 
  cases 
  with 
  great 
  success, 
  in 
  waters 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  was 
  either 
  unknown 
  

   or 
  found 
  in 
  small 
  quantities. 
  Large 
  numbers 
  of 
  fry 
  have 
  been 
  libeiated 
  

   in 
  tributaries 
  of 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Mexico, 
  but 
  without 
  marked 
  results. 
  

   Between 
  1873 
  aud 
  1892 
  several 
  million 
  fry 
  were 
  experimentally 
  placed 
  

   in 
  the 
  waters 
  of 
  Great 
  Salt 
  Lake, 
  Utah 
  Lake, 
  and 
  Bear 
  Lake, 
  Utah. 
  

  

  From 
  1881 
  to 
  188G, 
  3,000,000 
  fry 
  were 
  liberated 
  in 
  the 
  Colorado 
  River 
  

   at 
  the 
  Needles, 
  in 
  Arizona. 
  It 
  was 
  believed 
  that 
  the 
  shad 
  would 
  be 
  per- 
  

   manently 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  California 
  by 
  the 
  warm 
  water 
  of 
  the 
  

   lower 
  part, 
  and 
  would 
  then 
  return 
  to 
  the 
  Colorado 
  and 
  Gila 
  rivers 
  to 
  

   spawn. 
  The 
  time 
  having 
  gone 
  by 
  when 
  the 
  adults 
  should 
  return, 
  the 
  

   experiment 
  is 
  regarded 
  as 
  without 
  result. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  

   shallow 
  waters 
  at 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Colorado 
  River 
  are 
  barren 
  of 
  life 
  

   and 
  the 
  conditions 
  are 
  unfavorable 
  to 
  stocking 
  that 
  river 
  with 
  shad. 
  

  

  Remarkable 
  success 
  attended 
  the 
  stocking 
  of 
  waters 
  of 
  the 
  Pacific 
  

   Coast 
  northward 
  from 
  Monterey. 
  In 
  1871, 
  12,000 
  shad 
  fry 
  from 
  the 
  

   Hudson 
  River 
  were 
  liberated 
  in 
  the 
  Sacramento 
  River 
  by 
  the 
  California 
  

   Fish 
  Commission, 
  and 
  in 
  1873 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  Fish 
  Commission 
  made 
  

   a 
  second 
  deposit 
  of 
  35,000. 
  Subsequent 
  plants 
  in 
  the 
  Sacramento, 
  

   aggregating 
  609,000, 
  were 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  Commission 
  from 
  

   187G 
  to 
  1880. 
  From 
  these 
  small 
  colonies, 
  amounting 
  to 
  less 
  than 
  1 
  per 
  

   cent 
  of 
  the 
  number 
  now 
  annually 
  planted 
  in 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  Slope 
  rivers, 
  

   the 
  shad 
  have 
  multiplied 
  and 
  distributed 
  themselves 
  along 
  nearly 
  3,000 
  

   miles 
  of 
  coast 
  from 
  southern 
  California 
  to 
  southeastern 
  Alaska. 
  

  

  The 
  shad 
  rapidly 
  made 
  their 
  way 
  up 
  the 
  coast 
  from 
  San 
  Francisco 
  

   Bay. 
  They 
  reached 
  Rogue 
  River, 
  Oregon, 
  in^ 
  1882. 
  In 
  the 
  Columbia 
  

   a 
  few 
  were 
  taken 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  1876 
  or 
  1877. 
  About 
  1881 
  or 
  1882 
  they 
  

   were 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Washington, 
  reaching 
  Paget 
  Sound 
  in 
  1882. 
  They 
  

   appeared 
  in 
  the 
  Fraser 
  River, 
  British 
  Columbia, 
  in 
  1891; 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  

   Stikine 
  River, 
  near 
  Wrangell 
  Island, 
  Alaska 
  — 
  latitude 
  56° 
  30' 
  — 
  the 
  

   same 
  year. 
  The 
  species 
  now 
  is 
  found 
  along 
  tlie 
  entire 
  coast 
  from 
  Los 
  

   Angeles 
  County, 
  California, 
  to 
  Chilkat, 
  Alaska, 
  covering 
  22 
  degrees 
  of 
  

   latitude. 
  Its 
  distribution, 
  considered 
  from 
  the 
  standjioint 
  of 
  commer- 
  

   cial 
  importance, 
  is 
  from 
  IMonterey 
  Bay 
  to 
  Puget 
  Sound. 
  

  

  