﻿MANUAL 
  OF 
  FISH-CULTURE. 
  223 
  

  

  with 
  nets 
  and 
  lines 
  by 
  commercial 
  fishermen; 
  the 
  averafje 
  number 
  of 
  

   egg's 
  to 
  a 
  fish 
  is 
  from 
  200,000 
  to 
  250,000. 
  The 
  period 
  of 
  incubation 
  is 
  

   somewhat 
  shorter 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  cod, 
  being 
  9 
  days 
  at 
  43° 
  and 
  G 
  days 
  

   at 
  490. 
  About 
  5 
  days 
  are 
  required 
  for 
  the 
  absorption 
  of 
  the 
  yolk-sac. 
  

  

  The 
  haddock 
  ranges 
  from 
  Delaware 
  northward, 
  and 
  is, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  very 
  

   abundant 
  on 
  tbe 
  "banks" 
  lying 
  off 
  the 
  New 
  England 
  shore. 
  In 
  its 
  

   liabits 
  it 
  is 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  cod, 
  frequenting 
  the 
  same 
  grounds 
  and 
  being 
  

   caught 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time. 
  Its 
  average 
  weight 
  is 
  about 
  4 
  pounds 
  and 
  

   the 
  maximum 
  under 
  20 
  pounds. 
  The 
  fishery 
  is 
  very 
  extensive 
  in 
  Mas- 
  

   sachusetts, 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  catch 
  being 
  landed 
  fresh 
  in 
  Boston. 
  The 
  

   annual 
  yield 
  is 
  about 
  50,000,000 
  pounds, 
  worth 
  $1,115,000. 
  

  

  The 
  artificial 
  propagation 
  of 
  haddock 
  has 
  been 
  conducted 
  chiefly 
  at 
  

   Gloucester, 
  where 
  as 
  many 
  as 
  30,000,000 
  eggs 
  have 
  been 
  collected 
  in 
  a 
  

   single 
  season. 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  about 
  iV 
  inch 
  in 
  diameter, 
  and 
  are 
  quite 
  

   delicate 
  and 
  tender. 
  The 
  spawning 
  time 
  extends 
  from 
  January 
  to 
  

   June. 
  The 
  average 
  production 
  of 
  eggs 
  per 
  fish 
  is 
  about 
  100,000. 
  

  

  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  slightly 
  glutinous 
  and 
  have 
  a 
  tendency 
  to 
  form 
  into 
  

   small 
  lumps 
  during 
  hatching. 
  At 
  a 
  mean 
  temperature 
  of 
  37° 
  they 
  

   hatch 
  in 
  15 
  days, 
  and 
  at 
  41° 
  in 
  13 
  days. 
  The 
  yolk-sac 
  is 
  absorbed 
  in 
  

   10 
  days 
  at 
  a 
  temperature 
  of 
  41°. 
  

  

  The 
  tomcod 
  or 
  frostfish 
  {Microgadus 
  tomcod) 
  has 
  been 
  extensively 
  

   propagated 
  by 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  Fish 
  Commission. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  but 
  

   excellent 
  food-fish, 
  found 
  along 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  from 
  New 
  York 
  to 
  

   the 
  Bay 
  of 
  Fundy. 
  It 
  is 
  most 
  abundant 
  in 
  early 
  winter, 
  when 
  it 
  

   approaches 
  the 
  shores 
  and 
  ascends 
  streams 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  spawn- 
  

   ing. 
  It 
  rarely 
  exceeds 
  10 
  or 
  12 
  inches 
  in 
  length. 
  

  

  THE 
  CUNNER. 
  

  

  The 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  cunner 
  or 
  chogset 
  {Gtenolabrns 
  adspersus) 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  

   same 
  size 
  and 
  character 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  its 
  near 
  relation, 
  the 
  tautog, 
  and 
  

   are 
  deposited 
  during 
  the 
  same 
  season. 
  In 
  water 
  having 
  a 
  mean 
  tem- 
  

   perature 
  of 
  56° 
  F. 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  hatched 
  in 
  5 
  days, 
  in 
  the 
  tidal 
  cod-jar. 
  

   On 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  small 
  size, 
  great 
  abundance, 
  and 
  comparatively 
  

   little 
  commercial 
  value, 
  the 
  propagation 
  of 
  the 
  cunner 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  

   regularly 
  undertaken. 
  

  

  THE 
  SCUP. 
  

  

  The 
  scup 
  {Stenotomus 
  chrysops) 
  is 
  a 
  rather 
  important 
  small 
  food 
  fish 
  

   found 
  along 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  from 
  Cape 
  Ann 
  to 
  South 
  Carolina; 
  it 
  is 
  

   most 
  abundant 
  in 
  southern 
  New 
  England. 
  It 
  spawns 
  in 
  June. 
  The 
  

   eggs 
  are 
  -o^ 
  inch 
  in 
  diameter 
  and 
  hatch 
  in 
  4 
  days 
  at 
  a 
  mean 
  tem- 
  

   perature 
  of 
  62° 
  F. 
  

  

  THE 
  SEA 
  BASS. 
  

  

  The 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  sea 
  bass 
  {Gentropristes 
  striatus) 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  size 
  

   as 
  scup 
  eggs, 
  are 
  deposited 
  in 
  June, 
  and 
  hatch 
  in 
  5 
  days 
  with 
  the 
  

   water 
  temperature 
  59° 
  or 
  G0°. 
  The 
  sea 
  bass 
  is 
  an 
  important 
  food-fish, 
  

  

  