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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. ']'] 



The second region visited in Peru was reached by the Southern 

 Railway from MoUendo on the coast. The first day takes one up to 

 Arequipa at 7,500 feet, where a few days were spent. The second day 

 takes one to JuHaca, and the third to Cuzco. A few days were spent at 

 a new Government experiment station at Chuquibambilla (13,000 

 feet), north of JuHaca. This station is well-equipped and is devoting 

 its attention chiefly to sheep-raising. 



From Cuzco (11,500 feet) a trip was made down the valley north- 

 ward to Ollantaytambo over a new railroad which ultimately will 

 reach Santa Ana. head of navigation on the Urubamba river. At 



Fig. T2>- — Mules loaded with coca leaves at Ollantaytambo, Pern, on the 

 way to Cuzco from the lower altitudes. Coca leaves are chewed with a paste 

 of ashes by the Indian men to prevent fatigue. The leaves are largely 

 exported for the production of cocaine. The growing of the coca bush is an 

 important industry of the montaiias of Peru and Bolivia. 



Ollantaytambo and at Cuzco there are fine examples of Inca archi- 

 tecture, now in ruins, but showing the remarkable stone walls in which 

 the irregular stones are fitted with great accuracy but without mortar. 



On going to Bolivia from Cuzco the traveler returns on the South- 

 ern Railway to Juliaca, there takes a branch line to Puno on Lake 

 Titicaca, crosses the lake by night on a comfortable little steamer to 

 Guaqui, and then goes by rail to La Paz. 



Lake Titicaca, the largest lake in South America and the highest 

 for its size in the world, is 130 miles long, 3,200 square miles in 

 area, and as much as 900 feet deep. The railroad from Guaqui 



