﻿NO. I 



SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I925 



17 



of limestone beds were next visited which have been of special 

 interest for many years because their contained faunas are American 

 rather than European. 



The automobile was then transported across the North Sea to 

 Oslo, whence the party was guided by Prof. Olaf Holtedahl to the 

 famous localities on Christiania Bay. After the very brief stay in 

 Norway, the party proceeded to Vanersborg, Sweden, where it was 

 met by Dr. A. H. Westergaard, detailed by the Swedish Geological 

 Survey to be the guide in that country. Several weeks were spent 

 studying the outcrops in the hills of the region about Lake Vanern 



Fig. 21. — Professors O. T. Jones and T. C. Nicholas discussing the 

 geology along the Rhaj'der River in Wales, with Dr. Ulrich. (Photograph 

 by Resser.) 



and to the south in the ancient alum quarries of Andrarum. The 

 whole of southern Sweden has been heavily glaciated, but prior to 

 the coming of the ice it was eroded down to the fairly flat granite 

 floor. At a few places some of the soft, black, flat-lying Cambrian 

 shales with a little Ordovician limestone have been preserved in 

 low, lava^apped hills. Lenses of black, ill-smelling limestone, usu- 

 ally highly fossiliferous, occur in the black shales. Many hundreds 

 of years ago quarries were begim here for the sake of this lime. 

 Prior to 1800 wood was used in its burning but since that date 

 the shale itself has been used, for it contains so much carbonaceous 

 matter and sulphur that it serves the purpose well. 



There were no particular objectives between Sweden and the 

 Bohemian Basin near Prague, and therefore the intervening regions 



