﻿NO. I SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I925 59 



pology, extending through France to India. Ceylon. Java, AustraHa 

 and South Africa, with a brief final stop in England, under the joint 

 auspices of the Smithsonian Institution and the Buffalo Society of 

 Natural Sciences. Its objects were essentially a survey of what has 

 been and what is being done in those far-off lands in the field of 

 ancient man and fossil apes ; to look into a number of important 

 racial questions ; to meet men previously known only by corres- 

 pondence and establish closer relations; and if conditions proved 

 propitious, to lay a foundation for future work. 



In the journey through France, it was learned that no skeletal 

 remains of great age have recently been encountered. 



At Port Said and especially at Aden, it was possible to observe 

 numerous Arabs. There is more or less of negro admixture, but 

 evidently pure t\pes are not infrequent and are very interesting. 

 The pure Arab shows a lively, intelligent, white-man's ( Mediter- 

 ranean type) physiognomy, straight to wavy black hair, a fine black 

 or mostly gray wavy beard if one is worn, dark brown eyes, and a 

 body as richly brown as that of an average full-blooded American 

 Indian. These are the workers. A higher class Arab man or woman, 

 who has always worn protection against the sun and lives much 

 indoors, may be nearly as light in color as many a southern European. 



In India, the problems to be studied were first, the occurrence of 

 fossil anthropoid apes in the Siwalik Hills ; second, the distribution, 

 numbers, and nature of Indian paleoliths and possible other traces of 

 ancient man ; third, the question of the racial affinity of the " Aryans '' ; 

 fourth, the occurrence of American Indian-like types among the 

 mongolic peoples of the Himalayas ; and fifth, traces on the Indian 

 mainland of the Negrito. 



Bombay ' in its living population presents a rich pasture for the 

 anthropologist. JMoreover, the city now possesses a handsome new 

 museum which includes a hall of Prehistory. In this hall are several 

 cases of Indian " paleoliths," most of them from Madras. 



The Siwalik Hills of Northern India, it is known, have for some 

 time past been giving us fossil remains of anthropoid apes. It was 

 learned that the hills extend for about 600 miles along the base of 

 the Himalayas, from Kashmir and Punjab to near Burma. In these 

 hills have been found, within the last two years, five or six new 

 varieties, if not species, of fossil anthropoid apes of the Dryopithecus 



* For aid in this city, Dr. Hrdlicka is especiall}^ grateful to Mr. A. H. Dracup, 

 Under-Secretarj- of the Government, and to the local U. S. Consulate. 



