﻿98 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 78 



type, figure loi, contains rectangular ruins of slabs of stone masonry 

 erected on the rims of shallow canyons, which were apparently 

 used as habitations. 



The most imposing ruin is the so-called Citadel, which- from a 

 distance resembles a volcanic peak, the cone of which is capped with 

 walls made of sandstone and lava rocks, the sides of the elevation 

 being strewn with these blocks which have fallen from the walls at 

 the apex. Figure 96 shows this Citadel from the side, and figure 97 

 indicates the broken-down walls and the general character of the 

 fallen masonry on the surface. The Citadel had many rooms ap- 

 parently built around a central open space or plaza, the masonry 

 being composed of lava blocks and sandstone slabs. The numerous 

 stones down the sides of the Citadel now and then are arranged in 

 rows, calling to mind retaining walls or trincheras so common on 

 hillsides of southern Arizona and the northern states of Mexico. 



Tcuak'i (Snake House). The ruin here first called Tcuaki (figs. 

 98. 99), is situated about 30 miles from Flagstafif. Arizona, and 

 is in reality composed of two clusters of rooms connected by a long 

 wall, possibly modern, which follows the summit of a sandstone 

 ridge.' The corners of the walls have fallen down the sides of the 

 ridge, covering the roofs of the subterranean rooms at the base of 

 the clififs. In the year 1900, rafters and remains of these roofs were 

 well shown and a few fragments of roofs still remain in situ, as if 

 lately abandoned. As in all these ruins, there were numerous basal 

 rooms from which many specimens were obtained, but the best 

 objects were found in the rooms above the surface or those on 

 the summit of the ridge. The rooms were two stories high, the floors 

 of the lowest story being generally buried under fallen debris. 



Alaki (Horn House). The ruin called Alaki or Horn House, also 

 of the Great House dormitory type, is characteristic of the Wu- 

 patki monument. It is shown in figure loi. There are massive build- 

 ings above and the subterranean basal walls below. In the neighbor- 

 hood of Alaki there are several small stone subterranean houses, 

 each generally with a single room, possibly pit dwellings. 



The canyon on the rim of which Alaki stands becomes " blind " 

 a few hundred feet from the ruin and is exceptional in having ex- 

 cavated in its walls small rectangular cubby holes formerly closed by 

 slabs of stone, all of which have been broken and many have l^een 

 destroyed. These recesses were apparently used for storage cysts, 

 and are not confined to this canyon. 



^ Records of the Past, op. cit. 



