﻿102 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 78 



trances to the rooms are generally lateral and the few windows are 

 small, circular or rectangular. Two or three of these buildings 

 contain but a single room, others are multi-chambered, and in the 

 largest buildings three stories can be distinguished. 



The roofs of all the rooms are simple, flat coverings, supported 

 by several large logs extending from one wall to its opposite, across 

 which are laid willow twigs supjxjrting a layer of cedar bark, the 

 whole being covered with clay. There are evidences of fireplaces 

 centrally placed, and in a few instances ashes were found in one 

 corner. In one room there is an elaborate chimney, possibly modern, 

 communicating through the walls with a fire])lace, extending a few 

 feet above the highest masonry, .\lthough the walls are generally 

 constructed of sandstone, they also show alternate layers of lava rock 

 which, contrasted with the intervening courses of red sandstone, add 

 a picturesque appearance to the whole. As is customary in pueblo 

 construction the stones are laid in adobe in which often occur im- 

 bedded pottery shards and fragments of stones. The marks of human 

 fingers also appear in the mud plastering, especially where the walls 

 are protected by overhanging cliffs. The walls of the rooms were 

 seen in one case to be plastered on the inside with adobe decorated 

 with red pigment, like the dadoes of the modern Hopi houses. 



At the base of the cliffs there are several walled-in shrines or rude 

 rock inclosures, generally containing water-worn pebbles or fossil 

 shells which were no doubt religious offerings. These also contained 

 prayer sticks, figure 105, h, b', and in one instance a wooden image of 

 human form, figure 105, quite unlike, however, any idols which have 

 previously been described. Clusters of pictographs generally of 

 geometrical forms adorn the walls of the canyons on which tlie larger 

 buildings have been built. 



The characteristic features of the Wupatki buildings are the small 

 rectangular stone-walled rooms of good masonry and the subter- 

 ranean rooms at the base of the low cliff's on which they stand. No 

 kivas have yet been excavated ; those shown on the map are doubt- 

 ful ceremonial rooms. 



Typical specimens of Wupatki Monument pottery resemble those 

 found in the cemetery at Young's Canyon.' They belong to a pre- 

 puebloan type found throughout Arizona underlying the more bril- 

 liant Sikyatki ware and the related Homolobi-Chevlon forms. The 



* Smithsonian Misc. Coll., AOl. 77, No. 10. 



