﻿NO. 7 



SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I926 



155 



other along the Noatak River. The latter route was probably used by 

 but few people, but there are indications that some did follow it until 

 they reached the Colville River, peopled its region and extended 

 farther eastward. 



To sum up, as to the routes of migration, outside of the Aleutian 

 Islands, which are a problem of their own and point to Kanitchatka, 

 the most plausible and doubtless most used route was that southward 

 along the shores of the sea ; the second, along the Yukon River and its 



r 



Fig. 155. — Eskimo mother and child, Indian-like in type, Reindeer Camp, 



n. Pastolik, Norton Sound. 



tril)utaries ; the third and fourth, along the Selavik, Koyokuk and 

 Xoatak Rivers in the north ; the fifth along the Kuskokwim ; and the 

 sixth along the Arctic coast. 



The questions of the culture of the older people and their physique 

 are of much interest. So far as culture is concerned it was appreci- 

 ated, more than ever before, that there existed in these parts of 

 America, not so many hundreds of years ago, remarkable develop- 

 ment, especially in what may best be characterized today perhaps by 

 the term " fossil ivory culture." The people of this culture, who- 

 ever they were — doubtless ancestors of the Eskimo or Indian or both — 

 reached a high degree of industrial dififerentiation and art — so high 



II 



