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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 78 



V 



Fig. 195. — Stages in tlie production of a pipe. Beginn.ing at the lower left 

 may be seen a roughly cut and grooved section of steatite. The next step shows 

 the tubular outline formed by cruml)ling and pecking ; the third object is 

 perforate and shows polishing, while the pipe at the right is complete except 

 for the reed mouthpiece which is not shown. The steatite bowl pipe at the top 

 right is modern and is made from a design showing influence of trade pipes. 

 All obtained from graves at various sites along the Columbia River by Mr. 

 A. H. East. 



Fig. 196. — Types of stone pipes found in graves at various sites in the Colum- 

 bia River valley, in the state of Washington. The tubular soapstone pipe at the 

 right indicates contact with Californian tribes, while the three tubular soap- 

 stone pipes at the center are the type made by the ancient inhabitants of the 

 Columbia and Fraser river valleys. The bowl pipe with carving of human 

 face at the side is of the type made by the tribes of the northwest Pacific coast. 

 The large catlinite bowl pipe with inlaj^ of lead around the margin may have 

 come from the Sioux or other tribes of the Plains. 



