^ 189^'] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 299 



foriuiiig the bore of the lioin. (PI. xlvi, No. 10.) The embouchure is 

 formed on the inner or concave side of the tusk, the ivory being worked 

 away so iis to l<'ave a projecting monthpiecc .'{|^ inches long, 1.1 inclies 

 wi<le and om^liall" incli liigli. IMu', instrunicnt its(;lf is2U inch<'s long; 

 the diameter tai)ers from.'i| by .'}jj to three-fourtlisof an incli. It is made 

 by the Palla Balla negroes of tlie Low(^r Congo. 



Afiican war liorn made of «'lepliant's tusk, rudely (carved about the 

 mouth hole ami smaller end. It is sus|)en(h'd l)y a coid ol' iniman liair 

 sennit. The natural cavity forms the bore of the horn. Tiie embouch- 

 ure is made in the concave side of the liorn and is elliptic in shai)e. 

 The instrument is 20 inches long, the iliameter of the bell being .'U 

 inches. There are four other war horns of elephant's tusks, made in 

 various parts of Africa, which do not differ in form from the sj^'cimens 

 described ;il)ove. 



The natives of Sumatia ns(i a trumpet made of the horn of a cow.* 



The earli(ist metal trumpets were constructed on the same priiu;iple 

 as the shof'ar, and in some cases the form ol" tln^ instrument is i>lainly 

 a copy of some nat ural lioin.t 



In one of the smaller mounds at Tel lo, M. de Sarzec discovered a 

 fragment of a large ])ronze statue. " It was," In^ says, ''a lifesi/.ed 

 bull's horn of bronze plating, mounted <ni a woo<1(mi frame, but the 

 wood was carbonized by the acticni of lire." 



There is a Siamese engraved c()|)))ej" hoiii in the IJ. S. National 

 Museum shaped like a butfalo horn. (PI. XLVi, 5.) The British Mn 

 seum possesses a l)ronze I^Uruscan cornu (engraved), constructed on 

 the same ])rinci])le (lOngel, j). 'i.^). Of similar patteiii was the tuba. 

 Both the cornu and tin; tuba weie employed in war to convey signals 

 {ibid., p. 30). 



The Greeks had a curveil liorn, krras, made of brass, and a straight 

 horn, salpinx, exclusively uscmI in war {ibid., ]). 32). Tiumpets are 

 often mentioned by writers who have recoided the manners and cus- 

 toms of the Indians at the tinn^ of the discovery of Amc^rica (ibid., 

 p. 07). No specimen of such trumpets have so far been disj-overed 

 auiong North American alxuMgiuiil remains. A wooden wind instru 

 ment is in use among tlie Carvadoo, an Indian tribe in Brazil. " With 

 this people it is the custom for the chief to give on his war trumpet 

 the signal for battle, and to continue blowing as long as he wishes the 

 battle to last" {ibid., p. (i9). 



The metalHc descendant of the Indian buffalo horn, tiie shrin(/<(, men 

 tioned above, is the rdtur shringa, an ontdooi' instrument made of <',(»p- 

 per, formerly used in military ami now nniveisally in religious i)ro- 

 cessions throughout India, both by Hindus and Mohannnedans, the 



" Indonesien, Oder die Inaeln (lesmalayiHchen Archipel, ran A. HuHtiaii. in. Licfirttii;/. 

 SitiiKdra und NachharncJiafl. Herliii, 1886, PI. ii, No. '>. 



I r>;itifcloii: MuHHul ijf Oriental Antiquitien, \>. 37; Jlenie archtuluyiijin', 1883 (3" 

 H6rif, t. a), PJ. xx. 



