﻿86 SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT 



found that the ink was more quickly chilled or dried by being' on the zinc, so last Win- 

 ter 1 pulled it off and inked pnpcr bands applied closely to the trunk). 



Dt-c. 5. Coldei-. 25 c^, 71 2 fometaria. The greater proportion of the c? than 

 formerly is exphiined by considerinof that most of them were stuck to the ink ; whereas 

 formerly they could hide away by daj'. It is to be noticed tliat althnu<fh some imagos 

 appeared before the frost, they only swarmed after it, justifying the farmers' saying 

 that you must have a Irost to bring the Canker-grubs out. 



Moreover, it is quite important that tlie orchardist be able to dis- 

 tinguishthese Canker-worms from a number of other looping worms 

 which greatly resemble them, but which produce moths which are 

 winged in both sexes. ''For if he mistakes some other span-worm 

 which produces winged females as well as winged males, for the 

 genuine Canker-worm which is apterous in the female moth state, it 

 becomes very obvious that all his efforts to try and prevent the rava- 

 ges of the spurious Canker-worm by the most approved and well- 

 tried methods, will not only fail most absolutely, but he will lose all 

 faith in such remedies, and may perchance, if he is given to the use 

 of the quill, vent his wrath and disappointment by sending to some 

 one of the horticultural journals of the land, a pithy article 'based 

 upon FACTS [?J and experience,' showing up the utter worthlessness of 

 the Canker-worm remedies! 



" It is from such lack of true knowledge that the City Fathers of 

 Baltimore, Maryland, went to the useless expense of furni?hing oil 

 troughs for all their large elm trees which were being defoliated, under 

 the delusive idea that the insect committing the ravage was the Can- 

 ker-worm ; whereas it turned out to be the larva of a little imported 

 Beetle ( Galeruca calmariensis, Fabr,), the female of which has ample 

 wings, and can fly as readily as a bird from tree to tree." — [2nd Rep., 

 p. 95. 



I will now give more detailed comparative descriptions of these 

 two insects in their different stages, those of the moths being but 

 slightly altered from the original comparisons drawn up by Mr. Mann, 

 to whom I am under obligations for specimens of pometaria in all 

 stages, and for the use of his notes. 



AXISOPTERYX VKKXATA. ANlSOrTERYX rOMKTAKIA. 



^99- 



Elliptic-ovoid, the shell of delicate tex- Squarely docked at top, with a central 



ture and quite yielding ; generally appear- puncture and a brown circle near the bor- 

 ing shagreened or irregularly impressed ; der ; of firm texture, and laid side by side 

 nacreous, and laid in irregular Tnasses in in regular rows and compact batches, 

 secreted places. 



Larva. 



No prolegs on joint S. With a pair of short prolegs on joint 8. 



Head distinctly mottled and spotted, the Head very indistinctly spotted and dark 



top pale, and two pale transverse lines in on top. 

 front. 



