﻿118 SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT 



8. P. SPiNOSA (Shiraer). Dak. sp'mosum Sliimer, Trans. Am. Eut. Soc. II, p. 397. 

 Forminof large, irreo^ular galls, covered with spines, on the petiole of the- 

 leaf of Ca)-ya iunara, the galls opening beneath in an irregular, sinuate slit. 

 *r>. P. CARY^-SEPTA (Shimer). Dak. caryce-septmn, ibid. p. 389. Forming flattened 

 galls with a septum on the leaves of Carya alba., the galls opening both 

 above and below. Probably only an abnormal form of No. 7. 



10. P. roRCATA (Shimer). Dak. forcatum Shimer, ibid., p. 393. Forming galls much 



like those of No. G, but larger. 



11. P. DEPRESSA (Shimer), Dak. dept-essum Shimer, ibid., p. 390. Forming depressed' 



galls on leaves of Carya alba, the gall opening below with a constricted 

 mouth fringed with filaments. Dak. coniferum Shimer is, in all proba- 

 bility, the saniQ. 



*12. P. CO'ICA (Shimer). Dak. conicum Shimer., ibid., p. 390. Forming galls similar 

 to No. 11, but without the fringe. Probably the same. 



* 13. P. CASTAJfEJC (Haldeman). Fitch N, Y. Ent. Rep. Ill, § 200. Pvcferred to Chermes 

 by Haldeman, but undoubtedly a Phylloxera. 

 Those with a star (*) 1 am not personally familiar with, but I have no doubt they 



are good species. The others I am well acquainted with. We have also some undes- 



cribed species, the three following of which are so characteristic that I will briefly 



describe their galls : 



14. P. CARY,E-GUMMOSA N. sp. Forming pedunculated, ovoid or globular galls on 



underside of Carya alba ; the gall white, pubescent, and gummy or sticky, 

 opening below in a fibrous point. The eggs are almost spherical, pale and 

 translucent. Larva, mother-louse and pupa quite pale, the red eyes and 

 eyelets strongly contrasting. The winged insects with difficulty distin- 

 guished from some of the other species, a difficulty made all the greater 

 from the fact that other species get caught in tlie sticky surface of the gall. 



15. P. CARY.E-REN N. sp. Fomiiug numerous, more or less confluent, mostlj' reuiforni 



galls on the petiole and leaf stems of Carya glabra ; the galls varying from. 

 0.2 to 0.7 inch in diameter, pale green and densely pubescent, and opening 

 in a slit the whole of their length, transversel3' with the axis of the petiole. 

 IG. P. CARY.E-FALLAX N. sp. Fomiiug conical galls thickly crowded on the upper 

 surface of the leaves of the Carya alba. Strongly resembling No. 3 [caryie- 

 folice) but the hight one-third greater than the basal diameter, and open- 

 ing below, instead of above, in a circular fuzzy mouth. This is the species 

 briefly referred to under the same name by Walsh, First Ann. Rep. etc., p. 

 23, note. 

 Thus we have at least sixteen good, undoubted species inhabiting the United States. 

 Most of them are more easily distinguished, as is often the case with Cynipida: in Hy- 

 menoptera, and Cecidoynyida:, in Diptera, by their habits and the peculiar galls they 

 form, than by colorational or structural differences. In fact all the species, except, per- 

 haps, Nos. 1 and 2, yet need more careful and discriminating study and descriptions, in 

 all stages from the living material. 



THE AMERICAN OAK PHYLLOXERA— PAt/^^o.rem Rileyi Lichtn. 



Through the kind assistance of Miss Mary E. Murtfeldt, who, at ray request, 

 watched this species most closely and assiduously from its awakening to activity in the 

 Spring till its dormancy in the Fall, and was thus enabled to supplement my own ob- 

 servations which were unavoidably interrupted by other duties, I have been able to add 

 many positive facts to what was previously known of its natural historj'— facts which 

 are interesting and valuable in this connection as throwing light on the natural history 



