NO. 1254. GYMNODONT FISHES OF JAPAN— JORDAN AND SNYDER. 257 
immovable; both jaw.s entire; nasal tube .simple, with 2 lateral open- 
ing.s. Pectoral,'^ l)road. theii' margin uncUihite. the upper lobe longest; 
vertical lin.s rounded, the dorsal and anal short, posteriorly inserted, 
similar to each other. Tropical seas: the few species very widely 
distributed. 
((J/b, two: odovg, tooth.) 
24. DIODON HOLACANTHUS Linnaeus. 
HARISEMBON (THOUSAND-NEEDLES) ; YATSCMEBVKr (EIGHT-EYED 
PFFFER); HARIFUKU (NEEDLE PUFFER). 
Ostracion oblongns ]ialaca»tlin.s ARTEin, Genera 60, No. 20, 1738, India. 
Diodon holacanthus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1738, p. 335, after Artedi. 
Diodon holacantJius Jordan and Evekmaxx, Fish. N. M. America, 1898, p. 1746, 
Florida Keys, La Paz. 
Diodon Uturosus Shaw, Gen'l Zool.. 1806, X, p. 436, pi. ir. New Gytherea after 
le diodon tachete of Lacepede. 
Diodon spinosissimits Cuvier, Mem. Mu.<., IV, 1818, p. 134; no locality. , 
Diodon novemmaculatus Cuvier, Mem. Mus., IV, 1818, p. 134; no locality. — 
ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 289, pi. cxxvni, fig. 2, Nagasaki. 
Diodon se.rmaculatus Cuvier, Mem. I\Ius., IV, 1818, p. 134, no locality. 
Diodon midiimaculatus Cvvier, Mem. Mus., IV, 1818, p. 134, no locality. 
Diodon quadrimaculatus CvxiER, Mem. Mus., IV, 1818, p. 134, Otaiti. 
Paradiodon quadrimacidaius Bleeker. Atlas, (iymnodontes, 1867, p. 58, pi. viii, 
fig. 2, Solor, Amboyna. 
Diodon melanopsis Kaup, Wiegmann's Archiv., 1855, p. 228. 
Diodon macuIatHs Guxther, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 307, St. Croix, Jamaica, 
Hawaii, China, Sulu Sea, Indian Ocean. — Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 1, 
Tokyo, Miyako-Shima, Riukiu. 
Eyes well behind line of angle of mouth. Frontal spines long, 
usually longer than post-pectoral spines, about twice as long as eye 
in adult; predorsa'l spines not shortened. 2-rooted, erectile: 1-i to 17 
.spines in a series betw^een snout and dorsal; post-pectoral spines not 
especially elongate, their development variable; dorsal ravs usually 
12; anal 12; pectoral V)roader than long, its upper lobe pointed, lower 
lobe rounded. Body marked with black spots and blotches irregular 
in size, usually a broad black bar from eye to eye, continued below 
eye as a narrow bar; a broad bar across occiput: a black blotch above 
each pectoral; a short bar in front of dorsal; another in which the 
dorsal is inserted; a blotch behind pectoral, and many small spots and 
blotches on upper parts: tins with few spots, usually unmarked in the 
young. Young (Mi.saki) with the belly .spotted: adult with tlw belly 
white, or with few spots. 
In all warm seas. Our Japanese specimens agree entirely with the 
description given by Jordan and Evermann, printed above. This 
species ma}^ be simply the young of the larger, equally co.smopolitan 
species, Dwdon hystr!,i'. In this form the frontal spines are smaller 
than those behind the pectorals. We have six specimens from \A'aka- 
noura and two from Misaki. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv— 01 IT 
