KOJ2G0. THE SURF-FISHES OF JAPAN— JORDAN AND SINDO. 357 
its whole length slipping under the preorbital. Teeth few, conical, 
bluntish, in one series. Gill rakers weak, rather short and slender. 
Pharyngeals nomial, the anterior and lateral teeth small, conic, none 
of them especially enlarged ; males with a gland on some of the ante- 
rior anal raj^s, but none of them moditied to forma definite plate. Ver- 
tebra? 1-1 + 18 or 19, the base of anal below 9 caudal vertebra ; first 
ha?mal spine small, applied to the second. Caudal fin lunate; anal fin 
rather long, much longer than abdomen, its spines small. Scales small, 
60 to SO in the lateral line. This genus is close to the American genus 
Eniblotoca^ the most generalized and perhaps the most primitive genus 
of the famih^ The only difl'erence of importance is the slight one of 
the coarser and blunter teeth of Emblotoca. 
(cJ^zV, two; rpfjixa^ aperture, the generative organs in all Enibiotoddm 
having a distinct opening from the intestines.) 
DITREMA TEMMINCKI Bleeker. 
UMI-TANAGO (SEA SURF-FISH); AKATANAGO (RED SURF-FISH). 
Ditrema Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1846, p. 77, pi. xl, fig. 2; Nagasaki. 
Ditrema temmincki Bleeker, Yerh. Bat. Gen., XXV, Japan, p. .33; Nagasaki. — 
GtJXTHER, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 246. — vSteindachner and Doderleix, 
Fische Japans, II, 1883, p. 31; Tokyo, Yokohama. — Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 
1897, p. 27; Hokkaido, Tokyo, Fukushima. — Jord.\x and Evermanx, Fish. 
N. and M. Amer., II, 1898, p. 1510; Tokyo. 
D/rjYJHai.TreGuxTHER, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 392; Jaj^an. — Nystrom, Kong. Svensk. 
Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 32; Nagasaki. 
Ditrema smitti^ Nystrom, Kong. Svensk. Yet. Akad., 1887, p. 32; Nagasaki (adult 
example). 
Emhiotoca smitti Jordan and Sxyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 358; Yoko- 
hama, Coll. Albatross. 
D. X, 21; A. Ill, 26. Scales, 11—75—19. Head measured, exclu- 
sive of opercular flap, 3i in length, exclusive of caudal fin; depth, 2^. 
Snout, 3i in head; eye equal to snout; interorbital space, 3; caudal 
fin, 1 in head; pectoral, l^V; ventral, If; the longest dorsal spine, 3; 
longest dorsal ray, the fifth, If; third anal spine, 5^; the longest anal 
ray, the ninth from the last, equal to the pectoral; depth of caudal 
peduncle, 2. 
Body ovate, compressed, the nape somewhat prominent; nasal bone 
slightly prominent; ventral outline from throat to vent almost straight. 
Mouth small, maxillary nearly equal to snout; lower jaw slightly 
included; teeth conical, blunt, in a .single series, on the front of lower 
^Dltrona smitti is described as having the head 4 in total length with caudal, the 
depth nearly 3, D. XI, 21, A. Ill, 27. Scales, 11-78-18; spinous dorsal black with a 
narrow line of the same color at the base of the soft rays. Pectorals yellowish, and 
with black tips, the first ray with a black spot at base. Preopercle with a blackish 
spot on the lower limb and a larger one behind it. Length, 180 mm. This is cer- 
tainly the adult of the species, of which a rather faded young specimen was first 
described as Ditrema. 
