362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiv. 
Analysis of families of Japanese PediculatL 
a. Gill openings in or ))ehin(l the lower axil of the pectoral; mouth large, terminal. 
b. Pseudobranchiie present; base of jiectoral with two actinosts; head broad, 
depressed, the enormous mouth Avith very strong teeth; ventrals large. 
LOPHIID.E, I. 
lb. Psendobranchi;e none; base of jiectoral with 3 actinosts. 
c. Ventrals present; the arm angulate, pseudobraehia elongate. 
AXTEXXARIID.K, II. 
aa. Gill openings in or behind upper axil of pectoral; mouth small, inferior; skin 
with warts or prickles OacocEPnALiD.p., III. 
Family I. LOPHIID^. 
THE ANGLERS. 
Head wide, depressed, veiy large. Body contracted, conical, taper- 
ing rapidly backward from the shoulders. Mouth exceedingly large, 
terminal, opening into an enormous stomach; upper jaw contractile; 
maxillary without supplementar}^ bone; lower jaw projecting; both 
jaws with very strong, imequal, cardiform teeth, some of teeth canine- 
like, most of them depressible; vomer and palatines usually with 
strong teeth. Gill openings comparative!}^ large, in lower axil of 
the pectorals. Pseudobranchije present. Gill rakers none; gills 3. 
Skin mostly smooth, naked, with many dermal flaps about the head. 
Spinous dorsal of 3 isolated, tentacle-like spines on head and 3 smaller 
ones behind, which form a continuous tin; second dorsal moderate, 
similar to the anal; pectoral members scarcely geniculated, each with 
two actinosts and with elongated pseudobraehia; ventrals jugular, I, 6, 
widely separated, large, much enlarged in the 3'oung. Young with 
the head spinous. Pyloric cfeca present. 
Fishes of the sea bottom, living at moderate depths, remarkal>le for 
their great voracity. 
a. Vertebrae reduced in numl:>er, 18 to 20 in all Lophioinuii, I. 
1. LOPHIOMUS Gill. 
■ Lophiomus Gill, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, p. 552 {ad i gems). 
This genus includes those species of Lophiidje which have the 
vertebra reduced in number, 18 or 19, instead of about 30, as in 
Zophius, a fact associated with their tropical distribution. The 
species inhabit the Pacific, those of Zophius being found in the 
Atlantic. 
{Zophim: (y/iOb, shoulder, in allusion to the tritid humeral spine.) 
<i. First dorsal spine higher than second; ventral fins pale; inside of mouth anteri- 
orly black, with pale spots; peritoneum blackish; head less than half length. 
seiigervs, 1. 
(ta. First dorsal spine not higher than second; ventral fins black on the inner side; 
inside of mouth unmarked; peritoneum jmle; head not less than half length. 
litulon, 2. 
