462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiv. 
ANALYSIS OF FAMILIES. 
I. Trachxnoidea. Ventral fins jugular placed in advance of the pectorals; pectoral 
fin supported by the hypercoracoid and by short broad pterygials; no air bladder. 
b. Hyjiercoracoid ("scapula") not pierced by a foramen, the foramen or fenes- 
tra lying on its lower edge adjoining the hypocoracoid, as in the Gadichc. 
c. Subocular lamina wanting Nototheniice, 1. 
bb. Hypercoracoid pierced l)y a foramen, as usual among fishes. 
d. Pterygials separate, well developed, top of head not bony. 
LeptoscopiDxE, 2. 
dd. Pterygials much reduced, fused with the coracoids; gills Sj, suborbitals 
dilated; top of head bony; physiognomy peculiar, the eyes superior, and 
the mouth almost vertical Uranoscopid.e, 3. 
II. NoN-TRACHiNoiD FORMS: Yciitral fins thoracic, normally formed; pectoral fin 
supported on both coracoids, with well-developed pterygials; air bladder usually 
develoi^ed. 
e. Ventrals subabdominal, although inserted well forward, the pelvis con- 
nected to the pelvic arch by a ligament; body with rough scales; 
lateral lines two, with cross series of pores; mouth with movable 
canines (allied to Chiasmodontida:) CaAMPsoDoxTiDiE, 4. 
ee. Ventrals normally thoracic. 
/. Body naked; vertebrae numerous (51) ; pectoral broad, its lower rays 
thickened (allied to Latrididsc) Trichodoxtid.e, 5. 
ff. Body scaly. 
g. Muciferous system of head largely developed; mouth small, with 
. small teeth ( allied to Scixnidx) Sillagixid.e, 6. 
gg. Muciferous system little developed; subocular larnina develojted. 
/;. Lateral line single, complete; scales small; body compressed. 
Latilid.e, 7. 
hh. Lateral line incomplete, sometimes duplicated; premaxillary 
without posterior canine (allied to Serranidx) . 
i. Lateral line interrupted, beginning again lower on the tail. 
Maxillary not dilated; scales ctenoid.. Pseudochromidid.e, 8. 
ii. Lateral line with the dorsal portion only developed; max- 
illary dilated behind; scales cycloid . ..Opisthognathice, 9. 
Family I. NOTOTHENIID.E. 
Bod}" oblong or elongate, naked or covered with rather small, lirm 
ctenoid scales; lateral line various, sometimes double or triple; mouth 
moderate or large, nearh^ horizontal, the teeth moderate; eyes lateral 
or directed somewhat upward; preopercle entire, or nearly so; opercle 
usually with a spine; gill membranes separated or united, sometimes 
joined to the isthmus; branchiostegals 6 or T; pseudo-branchia? present; 
dorsal tin long, usually continuous, its anterior part with 4 to 10 
spines; anal similar to soft dorsal; caudal usually not forked; pectorals 
broad, but two of the short broad pterygials resting on the hyperco- 
racoid which is not pierced by a foramen, the foramen being on its 
lower margin; second suborbital not produced in an internal lamina; 
ribs and epipleurals nearly equally developed and sessile close together 
at base; posterior precaudal vertebra emitting short parapophyses 
(Boulenger), normally placed; ventrals jugular, placed in advance of 
