NU.1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN— JORDAN AND SNYDER. 569 
palatines with a series of teeth; tongue with a marginal series on each 
side; teeth on vomer and tongue often lost with age; no teeth on the 
hyoid bone. Branchiostegals more or less increased in number. 
Scales moderate or small. Dorsal tin moderate; anal tin comparatively 
elongate, of 14 to 20 rays. Pyloric appendages in increased number. 
Gill rakers rather numerous. Ova large. Sexual peculiarities ver^^ 
strongly developed: the snout in the adult males in summer and fall 
greatly distorted: the premaxillaries prolonged, hooking over the 
lower jaw, which in turn is greath' elongate and somewhat hooked at 
tip; the teeth on these bones also greatly enlarged. The body becomes 
deep and compressed: a tieshy hump is developed before the dorsal 
fin, and the scales of the back become embedded in the flesh; the flesh, 
which is red and rich in spring, becomes dry and poor. Salmon, 
mostly of large size, ascending the rivers tributary to the North Pacific 
in North America and Asia, spawning in the autumn. The genus is 
very close to Salmo, differing only in the increased number of certain 
organs. The species never feed in the rivers and die after spawning. 
{oyKog, hook: pvyx<^s, snout.) 
a. Oncorhynrhvx. Gill rakers comparatively short and few (20 to 30 in number). 
/>. Scales very small, more than 160 (160 to 210) in a longitudinal series above the 
lateral line. 
c. Caudal tin large, with oblong black spots; liranchiostegals 11 or 12; anal rays 
15 (gorbuscha.^) 
lONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA (Walbaum). 
HUMPBACK SALMON OF ALASKA. 
Salmo r/orbuscha Walbaum, Artedi Piscmm, 1792, p. 69; Kamchatka, after the Gorbuscha of Pen- 
nant and Krascheninnikow. 
Oncorliynchits gorbusclta Jordan and Gilbert. Synopsis, 1883, p. 305.— Jordax and Evermanx 
Fishes X. and M. Amer., I, 1890, p. 478. 
Salmo gibber Bloch and Schneider, Syst. Ichth, 1801, p. 409; Kamchatka, after Krascheninnikow. 
Salmo proteus Pall.^s, Zoogr. Russo-Asiatica, III, 1811, p. 376; Bering Sea.— Suckley Monogr. 
Salmo, 1861 (1874), p. 97. 
Oncorhynchns scouleri Gt^THER. Cat., VI, 1866, p. 158. 
Salmo scoulcri Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., Ill, 1836, p. 158; Observatory Inlet. 
Oncorhynchus proteus Gunther, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 157. 
Salmo tschaivytschij'ormis Smitt, I Riksmusceum Befintliga Salmonider, 1886. p. 161; Port Clarence. 
B. 11 or 12. Gill rakers 13-f 15. A. (developed rays) 15; D. 11; scales 215 (210- 
240), those of the lateral line larger, 170. Pyloric caeca very slender, about 180. 
Body rather slender, in the female plump and symmetrical, in the autumn males 
very thin and compressed, with the fleshy dorsal hump much developed and the 
jaws much elongated, strongly hooked, and with extravagant canines in front. Ven- 
tral appendage half the length of the fin. Color bluish; sides silvery; back poste- 
riorly, adipose fin, and tail with numerous black spots; those on the caudal fin 
particularly large and oblong in form; autumn males red, more or less blotched with 
brownish; weight 3 to 6 pounds; Pacific coast and rivers of North America and Asia 
from Oregon northward, and southward to Kamti-hatka, not yet known from Japan; 
occasionally taken in the Sacramento. Known at once by the very small size of the 
scales, and by the coarse oblong spots on the tail. The fiesh is much inferior to that 
of tschaurytsclia and nerka. 
{gorbuscha, the Russian vernacular name in Alaska. ) 
