570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voi.xxiv. 
cc. Caudal fin pmall; unspotted; branchiostegals 14 or 15; anal rays about 
14 masou, 1. 
hh. Scales medium, about 145 (138 to 155) in a longitudinal series; pyloric cteca 
about 150. 
d. Anal rays 13 or 14; black spots small or obsolete; branchiostegals 13 or 14; 
caudal broad; body mottled blackish and silvery keta, 2. 
dd. Anal rays about 16; Ijack and upper fins with round l)lack spots; B. 15 to 
19 {tschawytscha ' ) 
bbb. Scales comparatively large, about 130 (125 to 135) in a longitudinal series; 
pyloric cseca 50 to 80; tip of dorsal black; black spots few kisutch, 3 
aa. Hijpsifario: Gill rakers comparatively long and numerous (33 to 40 in number); 
scales large, about 130; back in adults unspotted, clear blue in spring, red in 
fall; young more or less spotted in front of dorsal; landlocked examples small 
and more closely spotted nerka, 4 
lONCORHYNCHUS TSCHAWTSCHA (Walbaum). 
QUINNAT SALMON: TCHAVICHE; KING SALMON OR CHINNOOK SALMON. 
Salmo tschawytscha Walbaum, Artedi Piscium, 1792, p. 71; rivers of Kamchatka; after the Tschaw 
itscha of Krascheninnikow, Desc. Kamchatka, 1768, p. 178, and the Tsciiawytscha of Pennant, 
1792.— Bloch and Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 407. 
Oncorhynchus tschaivytscha JoRDAii and Evermann, Fishes N. and M. Amer., I, 1896, p. 479. 
Salmo orientalis Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-Asiat., Ill, 1811, p. 367; Kamchatka. 
Oncorhynchus orientalis GiJnthek, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 159. 
Salmo quinnat Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., Ill, 1836, p. 219; Columbia River, and of many 
writers. 
Salmo argyreus Suckley, Pacific R. R. Surv., XII, 1860, Pt. 2, p. 326, and Monogr. Salmo, 1861 
(1874), p. 110. 
Fario argyreus Giraed, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 218; Cape Flattery, Fort Steilacoom. 
Oncorhynchus quinnat GtJNTHER, Cat., VI, 1866, p. 1.58.— Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, p. 69. 
Salmo conflucntus Suckley, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., December, 1858, and Pacific R. R. Surv., 
XII, 1860, Pt. 2, p. 3;M; Puyallup River, near Fort Steilacoom (Coll. Suckley); and Monogr. 
Salmo, 1861 (1874), p. 109. 
Oncoi'hynchtis chouicha J ORDAis and Gilbert, Synopsis, 1883, p. 306. 
Head 4; depth 4. B. 15 or 16 to 18 or 19, the number on the two sides always 
unlike. D. 11; A. 16. Gill rakers usually 9 + 14 (i. e., 9 above the angle and 14 
below). Pyloric caeca 140 to 185; scales usually 27-146-29; the number in a longi- 
tudinal series varying from 140 to 155, and in California specimens occasionally as 
low as 135. Vertebrae 66. Head conic, rather pointed in the females and spring 
males. Maxillary rather slender, the small eye behind its middle. Teeth small, 
longer on sides of lower jaw than in front; vomerine teeth very few and weak, dis- 
appearing in the males. In the males in late summer and fall the jaws become 
elongated and distorted, and the anterior teeth much enlarged, as in the related 
species. The body then becomes deeper, more compressed, and arched at the shoul- 
ders, and the color often nearly black. Preopercle and opercle strongly convex. 
Body comparatively robust, its depths greatest in its middle. Ventrals inserted 
behind middle of dorsal, ventral appendage half the length of the fin; caudal, as 
usual in this genus, strongly forked, on a rather slender caudal peduncle. Color 
dusky above, often tinged with olivaceous or bluish; sides and below silvery; head 
dark slaty, usually darker than the body and little spotted; back, dorsal fin, and 
tail usually profusely covered with round black spots (these are sometimes few, but 
very rarely altogether wanting); sides of head and caudal fin with a peculiar metal- 
lic tin-colored luster; male, about the spawning season (October), blackish, more or 
less tinged or blotched with dull red. Flesh red and rich in spring, becoming paler 
in the fall as the spawning season approaches. Length 2 to 5 feet. Usual weight 
in the Columbia River 22 pounds, in the Sacramento 16 to 18 pounds; in smaller 
rivers still less, but individuals of 70 to 100 pounds have been taken. Alaska, Oregon, 
and California, southward to Ventura River, and to northern China, ascending all 
