576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiv. 
14 or 15 + 22 or 23, as long as eye. Body elliptical, rather slender. 
Head short, sharply conic, pointed, the lower jaw included. Maxillary 
rather thin and small, extending beyond eye. Teeth all quite small, 
most of them freely movable; vomer with about 6 weak teeth, which 
grow larger in fall males, instead of disappearing. Preopercle very 
wide and convex; opercle very short, not strongly convex. Preopercle 
largely free behind. Ventral scale about half the length of the fin. 
Caudal fin narrow, widelj^ forked; anal fin long and low; dorsal low. 
Flesh deep red. Males becoming extravagantly hook- jawed in the fall, 
the snout being then prolonged and much raised above the level of 
rest of head, the lower jaw produced to meet it; mandible li in head 
in fall males. If in females; snout 2i in head in fall males, 3i in 
females. Color clear bright blue above; sides silvery, this hue over- 
lying the blue of the back; lower fins pale, upper dusky; no spots 
anywhere in adults in spring; the young with obscure black spots 
above. 
Color of breeding male, back blood red, with dark edges to some of 
the scales; middle of side darker red, but unevenly so, usually darkest 
at middle of body; vinder parts dirty white, with numerous fine dark 
dustings; head above and on sides pale olivaceous, some darker mot- 
tling on sides; tip of nose and side of jaws dark, under part of lower 
jaw white; dorsal pale red, anal darker red; adipose fin red; ventrals 
and pectorals smoky, some red at base. Color of breeding female 
essentially the same, rather darker on the sides. Length 2 feet; 
weight 3i to 8 pounds. (Description from Columbia River specimens.) 
Two specimens, measuring about 270 millimeters, from Lake Akan 
in Hokkaido, show the following characters: 
Head -1 in length; depth 1^; depth of caudal peduncle 2f in head, 
eye 4|; snout li; maxillary 2; interorbital space 3^; scales in lateral 
series 130; in transverse series 19+22; D. 11; A. 15. Teeth on jaws 
small, immovable; those on palatines and vomer equal in size to those 
of jaws; interorbital space convex; preopercles and opercles decidedly 
convex posteriorly; branchiostegals 14, gill rakers on first arch long 
and slender 13+20. Caudal very broad, not deeply forked; ventral 
appendage short, contained about 2^ times in length of fin. Fins all 
dark, the pectorals and ventrals darker above than below; upper parts 
of bod}^ caudal fin and base of dorsal with round of oblong dark 
brown spots. 
Another specimen has but one or two indistinct spots on base of 
dorsal and on upper part of caudal; the caudal fin is more forked. 
The species ranges from Hokkaido to Kamchatka, Alaska, and 
southward to Oregon. It is abundant in Alaska, ascending streams in 
spring to great distances, and often frequenting mountain lakes in 
fall, spawning in their small tributaries. It is one of the most grace- 
ful of the Salmonidse, scarcely inferior to the quinnat when fresh, but 
