578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiv. 
usually of 10 to 12 rays each; caudal Hn truncate, emarginate or forked, 
its peduncle comparatively stout. Branchiosteg'als 11 to 13; gill rakers 
about 20. Sexual peculiarities variously developed; the males in typi- 
cal species with the jaws prolonged and the front teeth enlarged, the 
lower jaw being hooked upward at the end and the upper jaw emargi- 
nate or perforate. In the larger or migratory species these peculiari- 
ties are most marked. Species of moderate or large size, black-spotted, 
abounding in the rivers and lakes of North America, Asia, and Europe; 
no fresh-water species occurring in America east of the Mississippi 
Valley; a few species, marine and anadromous. The nonmigratory 
species are in both continents extremely closely related and difficult 
to distinguish. The excessive variations in color and form have given 
rise to a host of nominal species. Those which ascend the rivers from 
the sea feed in the streams, and it is probable that not all die after 
spawning. 
{salmo, the Latin name of Salmo salar, originally from satire, to 
leap). 
5. SALMO PERRYI Brevoort. 
KAWA-MASU (RIVER SALMON) (ADULT); YAMABE (MOUNTAIN SIDE); 
YAMAME (MOUNTAIN THING); YAMABAI (MOUNTAIN MINNOW). 
Salmo perryi Brevoort, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 273, pL ix, fig. 1; Hakodate. — 
Jordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 349; Lake Biwa 
( Karasaki ) . 
Salmo macrostoma GIinther, Shore Fishes, Challenger, 1880, p. 71, pi. xxxi, fig. 
A; Yokohama. — Ishikawa, Prel. Gat., 1897, p. 21; Tokadzu, Kushiro, Chi- 
chibu, Ojiro River, Kai, Ise, Tosa. — Jordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. 
Mus., 1890, p. 743; Lake Chuzenji. 
Head 4| in length; depth 3|; D. Ill, 12; A. I, 11; eye 5 in head; 
snout 3i; B. 11; P. If in head; scales 140 (oblique rows). Anal 
rather low, straight edged, the longest ra}^ 2^ in head, 1^ in base of 
fin; caudal moderateh^ forked, the longest ray 2^ times length of mid- 
dle one measured from scales. 
Body rather deep with lirm scales, the black spots much the same, 
small, round, sparse, confined to the back, some on dorsal, adipose, 
and base of caudal; 3 to 5 distinct roundish dark spots along base 
of dorsal alwa^'s present; none distinct on head; otherwise just as 
plain anteriorly as posteriorly; sides with 9 large parr marks or 
blackish bars under the scales; below these, numerous round dark 
spots of the same nature, each scale above with an edging of dark 
spots, making the fish duskj^; 6 pairs of teeth forming a short line 
on vomer. 
This description from a specimen 11 inches long from Lake Chu- 
zenji, having been introduced there from the River Kinu, near Utso- 
nomiya, below the impassable fall of Kegon-no-taki. A smaller 
specimen taken at the same place, about 7^ inches long, shows the fol- 
lowing characters: D. Ill, 11; A. I, 12; B, 14; scales about 130. 
