NO. 1265. SALMONOID FISHES OF JAPAN— JORDAN AND SNYDER. 579 
Longest ray of anal longer than base, 2^ in head; the fin straight- 
edged, high and short. Vomerine teeth in a longish row. Color 
as above; parr marks 9; sides reddish; pectorals yellowish; ventrals 
blackish, with a little white at tip; anal blackish, with whitish tip; 
caudal dusky, flushed with red, scales dark-edged; dorsal spotted at 
base; caudal unspotted. 
This black-spotted trout is common in clear waters throughout the 
islands of Hondo and Hokkaido. As ordinarily seen in the streams it 
is less than a pound in weight, with the parr marks or dark cross bars 
distinct. These brook trout are known as Yamabe or Yamomi. In 
the large rivers, as the Kitakami, they reach a weight of 8 or 10 pounds. 
The parr marks are lost and the coloration is more silvery. In the 
waters of Hokkaido they descend to the sea. In the small fish the 
teeth on the shaft of the vomer are about 12 in number in a long double 
series. As the fish grows larger, the vomerine teeth are lost, until in 
the adult only about 1 teeth are present. These large fishes are called 
"Masu-' or salmon b}^ the fishermen. The dark spots vary much with 
individuals, but apparently not with age, some being profusely spotted, 
others taken at the same time almost immaculate. Both extremes in 
this regard are shown in our specimens from Lake Biwa, one of which 
is as prof uselj" spotted as is shown in Brevoorfs figure of Salmoperryi. 
Most specimens agree in this, as in other respects, with Giinther's 
figure of S. macrostoma. The black blotches along base of dorsal, 3 
to 5 in number, are almost always present and are diagnostic. 
Of the Yamabe, or young trout, we have specimens from Aomori, 
Niigata, Lake Chuzenji, Kinu River at Utsonomiya, Daiya River at 
Nikko, Otani River near Nikko, Kamihana in Omi, Maebara on Lake 
Biwa, Karasaki on Lake Biwa, and Kawagiri in southwestern Rikuchu, 
on a tributary of the Kitakami. 
Of the adult trout, Kawamasu, we have specimens from the Kitakami 
River at Morioka, from Aomori and Hakodate, and from the Tokj'O 
market. The largest specimens from Hakodate reach a weight of 
about 12 pounds, and much resemble the salmon of the Atlantic. 
From SoJmo r/vi/kiss, of Kamchatka, which the species resembles, it 
is distinguished by the longer anal (12 or 13 developed rays) and by 
the posterior insertion of the ventrals, which are rather behind the 
middle of the dorsal and reach more than halfway to the vent. Salmo 
myl-is.s shows no trace of the distinctive spots at base of dorsal. 
The species is almost intermediate between the typical group of 
Sali)to and the group called Oneorhynehvx. It indicates the transition 
from the former to the latter, and might with almost as much pro- 
priety be called a salmon as a trout. 
From our field notes at Morioka I take the following: 
Kitakami River at Morioka; a large, very plump trout with few 
spots; large scales; verj^ high falcate anal of 12 rays; small head; no 
