N0.12G5. SALMOXOID FISHES OF JAPAN— JORDAN AND SNYDER. 581 
edge; branchiostegals 12; gill-rakers on first arch 6 + 11, long and 
slender. Height of dorsal lj% in head, anal 2^V? caudal deeply forked. 
If in head, ventral appendage about one-third as long as the fin, 
pectoral 2 in head. 
Color silvery, dark above, the head and body usually profusely 
covered with small, brownish spots; dorsal fin with a few at its base. 
Streams of northern Japan, rather common in Hokkaido, reaching a 
length of 2i to 3 feet. Our description and figure are taken from a 
specimen from Kushiro, presented by the Sapporo Museum. We 
have compared this with a larger example from Nemuro in the museum 
of Hakodate. Others were examined in the same museum from 
Nemuro, Chishima, Settsu and Shifto River, in Hokkaido, and from 
Heigun River, in the province of Rikuchu, near Morioka. 
This singular trout seems to be closeh^ related to Huclio hucho of 
the Danube, differing from that species in its larger scales. The com- 
mon name ''Ito"' (string) is suggested by its slender form. 
(Named for Captain Blackiston, author of a treatise on the birds of 
Japan, whose interest in natural history was largely responsible for 
the growth of the museum of Hakodate.) 
4. SALVELINUS- (Nilsson) Richardson. 
CHARRS. 
^SaZtWmi NiLssoN, Prodr. Ichth. Scand., 1832, p. 7 {alpinus); group name. 
Salvelinus Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., Ill, 1836, p. 169 {alpinus); after Nils- 
son. 
Baione De Kay, X. Y. Fauna; Fishes, 1842, p. 244 (fontinalis). 
Umhla Rapp, Fische Bodensee, 1854, p. 32 [umbla = alpinus). 
Bod}- moderateh- elongate. Mouth large or small. Teeth of jaws, 
palatines, and tongue essentialh^ as in Salino^ the h^^oid patch present 
or not. Vomer boat-shaped, the shaft much depressed, without raised 
crest, with teeth on the head of the bone and none on shaft. Scales 
very small, 2»)0 to 250 in a lengthwise series. Fins moderate, the 
caudal forked in the young, truncate in some species in the adult. 
Sexual peculiarities not strongly marked, the males with the premax- 
illaries enlarged and a fieshy projection at the tip of the lower jaw. 
Coloration dark, with round crimson spots, the lower fins sometimes 
with marginal bands of black, reddish, and pale. Species numerous 
in the clear streams and lakes of the northern parts of both conti- 
nents, sometimes descending to the sea, where they lose their varie- 
gated colors and become nearly plain and silvery. The members of 
this genus are b}- far the most active and handsome of the trout, and 
live in the coldest, clearest, and most secluded waters. "No higher 
praise can be given to a Salmonoid than to say it is a charr." 
{fiulvelinvs^ an old name of the charr; from the same root as SdlbUng 
or Saihling.) 
