584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiv. 
lower fins short, the ventral reaching halfwa}' to vent. Olivaceous 
or gra3nsh, the sides with small, round red spots, much smaller than 
pupil; })ack with small whitish spots; lower fins dusky with a pale 
stripe in front followed by a dark one. Sea-run specimens silvery, 
with the spots faint or obsolete. 
Length varying with the waters from 5 to 20 inches or more. Large 
.specimens in the sea reaching 12 pounds. 
Streams of Alaska and Kamchatka descending to the sea, very 
abundant throughout the Aleutian region and extending its range 
through the Kuriles to Okhotsk Sea. Probably S. plifvius is a south- 
ern variety of the species as is also the Dolly Varden trout, Salvelmus 
parJcii., Washington, Oreg"on, and northern California. 
The fish from the Japan Sea described and figured by Steindachner 
under the name of Salmo farlojisis agrees perfect!}" with the young of 
Salvelinus malma, and diflers from the Japanese Salvelinus plumus in 
the smaller size of the mouth and in the coloration. The northern 
species, Salvelhuis nialma^ has been already recorded from the Kurile 
Islands. 
{malma^ a vernacular name in Kamchatka.) 
5. PLECOGLOSSUS Sehlegel. 
P^eraj'/ossits ScHLEGEL, Fauiia Japoiiicus, Poiss., 1846, p. 229 {altivelis). 
Body moderate!}^ elongate, covered with very small scales. Mouth 
wide, the premaxillaries Avith a few, small, conical, pointed teeth. 
Maxillaries and lower jaw with teeth of a peculiar form, lamelliform, 
broad, truncate, serrate, movable, seated in folds of skin; mandibles 
each ending in a small knob, not joined at the symphysis. Mucous 
memln'ane of interior of mouth between terminal halves of the mandible 
forming a peculiar organ, being raised in folds with two pouches in 
front and one behind. Tongue ver}^ small, with minute teeth, its top 
toothless; no teeth on vomer, palatines with teeth. Pyloric cseca very 
numerous. Eggs small. Small fishes inhabiting the clear streams of 
Japan and Formosa, migratory like the salmon, and among the very 
finest of food fishes. One species is known. 
(TrAf/coiT, anything folded or plaited; y\ro(j(}(y. tongue). 
lo. PLECOGLOSSUS ALTIVELIS Sehlegel. 
AYU; HIUWO (RED-FISH); KOAYU (YOUNG AY'U); NENGIO (ANNUAL 
FISH); KOGIO (FRAGRANT FISH). 
Plecoglossus aliiix'Hs Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., p. 229, pi. cv, fig. 1; no 
locality. — Gunther, Cat. Fish., VI, 1866, p. 165. — Ishikawa, Zool. Mag., 
Tokyo, VII, 1895, p. 129; Matsiibara, Maebara; Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 19; 
Musashi, Tama, Yechigo, Kaga, Hasa R., Katsiisa R., Mino, Uji R., Yama- 
shiro, Kamo R., Tanba, Osaka, Tosa, Fukuoka, Higo, Maebara, Lake Biwa. — 
Jordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. 1900, p. 349, Lake Biwa; Proc. 
U. S. Nat. Mn?., 1900, p. 744; Numata, Tsushima. 
