A REVIEW OF THE LABROID FISHES AND RELATED 
FORMS FOUND IN THE WATERS OF JAPAN. 
By David Starr Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder, 
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. 
In the present paper i.s given a review of the species of Pharyn- 
goonathus fishes (Poniacentrida^, Labrida?, and Scaridje) known to 
inhabit the waters of Japan. It is based on the collections made by the 
writers in the summer of 1900, under the auspices of the Hopkins 
Seaside Laboratory of Stanford University. Series of the species 
obtained have been deposited in the United States National Museum. 
The authors aie indebted to Mr. Michitaro Sindo for important aid 
in the comparison of specimens. 
In the descriptions the length of the head is measured from tip of 
snout to posterior border of opercle, the soft opercular flap not taken 
into account. The length of the snout is the distance between the tip 
of upper jaw, including the teeth, and the anterior edge of the orbit. 
The first anal spine is in some cases so very small that it is difficult to 
see with the unaided eye. The scales of the lateral series are counted 
to base of caudal rays, those on the fin not considered. On the cheek 
the scales are counted in series between eye and angle of preopercle. 
The accompanying illustrations are by Chloe Lesley Starksand Charles 
Bradley Hudson. 
Family I. POMACENTRID.E. 
Body short, deep, compressed, covered with ctenoid scales of vary- 
ing size; lateral line wanting posteriorly; mouth small, usually with 
rather strong teeth, either conic or incisor-like; vomer and palatines 
toothless; nostril single on each side, nearly round; preopercle with 
its posterior edge largely free, serrate or entire; preorbital sheathing 
the small maxillary; dorsal fin single, with numerous strong spines, 
the spinous portion longer than the soft, which is similar to the soft 
anal, both tins scaly at base; anal spines 2; ventral fins thoracic, I, 5, 
the anterior ra^^s longest, usually filamentous; a scaly, appendage at 
base of ventral. Lower pharyngeals fully united; branchiostegals 5 
Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXIV— No. 1266. 
595 
