No.iL'6ti. LABROID FISHES OF JAPAX-JORDAX AND SXYDER. 657 
(hm Cuvier and Valenciennes, not Calllodon Bloch and Schneider), but 
differing" in the arrangement of the teeth. 
{KcxXog^ beautiful: Toi^iog, cutting-.) 
43. CALOTOMUS JAPONICUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 
BUDAI; IGAMI. 
Calii/odoii japoriicus CuviKKand Valenxienxe^;, Hist. Poiss., XIV, 1839, p. 294, pi. 
ccccvi; Japan, Coll. Langsdorff. — Schlec^el, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, 
p. 174, pi. Lcccix, Nagasaki. — Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen., XXVI, Xalez, 
Japan, j). 115; Nagasaki. — Guxther, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 215; Nagasaki. — 
K.\ROLi, Prodr. Pise. As. Or., 1882, p. 29; Yokohoma, Kobe. — Steixdaciixeu 
and Doderlein, Fisclie Japans., IV, 1887, p. 21: Tokyo. — Ishikau'a, Pre!. 
Cat., 1897, p. 28; Tokyo, Osaki, Riukiu Islands. 
('(tlh/odon rubighioms Cuvier, Regne Anim. III. Poiss., pi. xci, tig. 2. 
Head 3i in length; depth 2^; depth of caudal peduncle T; e3-e 4t; 
snout 2i; interorbital space Bh D. IX + 10; A. Ill, 9; scales in lat- 
eral series 121; between lateral line and insertion of dorsal 2; between 
hiteral line and insertion of anal •'>. 
Bod}' deep, heav}'; caudal peduncle narrow, subc^'lindrical. Head 
.^hort, rather blunt, interorbital space convex or fiattish; jaws equal; 
lips double posteriorh\ Teeth about equal in size, separate, the tips 
and edges free, those in anterior half of jaws arranged in series of 
oblique rows, 4 or 5 in a row; upper jaws with 3 or 4 large, curved, 
conical teeth just posterior to the oblique rows; posterior half of jaws 
with a single row of teeth, those above verv small, those below as 
large as the front teeth. Gill-rakers on first arch 10 or 12, rather 
stumpy, pointed. Angle of preopercle with a large thin flap. Oper- 
cle.with a large soft flap. Scales on cheeks in a single row of 1, those 
on opercle large; -i scales deepl}' notched posteriori}-, between occiput 
and first dorsal spine, a row of narrow scales forming a sheath along- 
base of dorsal, very large scales on base of caudal. Lateral line com- 
plete, abruptly bend downwards below base of soft dorsal. Dorsal 
spines high, slender, with soft tips, the longest 2^ in head, longest ray 
1^. Anal spines weak, longest ray 2i in head. Caudal rounded, 1t^ 
in head. Ventrals reaching half way between their base and first anal 
ray. Pectoral li in head. 
Color olive-brown, belly olive-green and brick-red, chin plain or 
clouded with vitriol-green, the amount of red and green extremely 
variable. In spirits the bright colors nearly all disappear. 
This species is rather common in Japan and reaches a considerable 
size. It is subject to con.siderable variation in color, especially in the 
amount of reddish and greenish shading. It lives in rocky places in 
shalloAv water and was taken by us at Tokyo, Yokohama, Misaki, 
Wakanoura, and Nagasaki. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv— 01 -12 
