658 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiv. 
26. SCARUS Forskal. 
Callyodon Groxow, Museum Ichthyol., II, 1764, p. 8 {croicensis), uonbinoniial. 
Scarus Fokskal, Descr. Animal, etc., in Orient Observ., 1775, p. 25 {])siU(iciis, 
etc.); not of Gronow, 176-1, which (nonbinomial) = Lahrus 'L\nr\?ens. 
CalliodonBhocu and Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801, p. 312 {llveatuf^ = croicensii^) . 
Hcmistomn Swainsox, Class' n Fishes, etc., 11,1839, p. 226 {rrfienlalus Swainson = 
pepo Bennett) { = Scariitf). 
Pdro??flso?i Swainsox, Class' n Fishes, eti-., II, 1839, p. 226 {psittacus) {—ScaruH). 
Eryddhys Swainsox, Class'n Fishes, etc., II, 1839, p. 226 (rroiccnsi.<<). 
Chlorurus Swaixsox, Class'n Fishes, etc., II, 1839, p. 227 ((/ihhti.'^) { = Scarus). 
Callyodon Groxow, Systema, Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 83 [lineatus, etc.). 
Pseudmcarus Bleeker, Yet. Acad. Wet. Anist. Scar., XII, 1861, p. 3 {microrh'mos) 
(teeth blue; post'erior canine present). 
iS'carus Jordan and Gilbert, Synojjsis, 1883, p. 938 {psittacus). 
Odliodon JoRUAS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1886, p. 591 (croicensis). 
Xoro JoRDAx and EvERMANN,CheckList,Fish North i^ni., 1896, p. 418, {guacamaia) 
(teeth blue; no posterior canines). 
Lower pharyngeals spoon-shaped, ovate-oblong-, transversely con- 
cave; teeth in each jaw fully coalescent, appearing as tessellations on 
the surface; jaws with distinct median suture; the edges of jaw even, 
the teeth whitish, rosy, or green in color. Upper pharyngeals each 
with 2 row\s of teeth; gill membranes scarcely united to the narrow 
isthmus, across which they form a broad fold; dorsal spines flexible, 
scarcely difl'erent from the soft rays; upper lip laterally double, the 
interior fold becoming yery narrow or obsolete mesially; lower jaw 
included in the closed mouth; lateral line interrupted posteriorly, 
beginning again on the next series of scales below; tubes of lateral 
line scarcely branched; scales on cheek in 2 to 4 rows; scales in front 
of dorsal on median line 6 to 8. Dorsal rays IX, 10; anal III, 9 in 
all species; scales ^-24— 6. Body robust. Species very numerous, 
mostly of large size, found in nearly all tropical seas. 
This group naturally divides into two subgenera, Seco'us, with pale 
teeth, and Pseudoscams^ with the teeth specialized and deep blue in 
color. Each group may be further divided as to the presence or 
absence of posterior canines, although these structures are often lost 
in the species normally possessing them. 
(ffKapog^ Scarus^ ancient name of S2'>cir!soma cretense., said by 
Rondelet to be from ffKaipcov^ to pasture.) 
0. Teeth whitish or rosy gray. 
h. Scarus. Upper jaw with one or two posterior canines. 
c. Head with j^ellow streaks; a black ocellus at base of 4th dorsal spine; scales 
of side with white dots; tins with yellow streaks or markings; checks with 
2J series of scales glohiceps, 44. 
aa. Teeth deep blue. 
d. Loro. Upper jaw without canines; color dark gray; the tins chiefly deep 
blue and blackish; checks with 2 series of scales ovifrons, 45. 
