734 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiv. 
abdominal prolegs; tubercles well developed, normal, iv and v 
approximate or united, shields well developed. They feed in folded 
or rolled leaves or in the flower heads especially of Umbelliferai and 
Composita?, and pupate in the stems of the food plant or among rub- 
bish on the ground. 
The imagos are very retired in their habits and not frequently seen; 
most [or all ?] of the species overwinter as imago. 
The species fall naturally in two groups, the first with veins 2 and 
3 in forewings stalked, the other with 2 and 3 separate. The first 
group has generally the base of the forewings of a lighter shade than 
the ground color of the wing, which shade often is continued along 
the basal part of costa and is sharply limited by a dark perpendicular 
streak or shadow from the inner margin two-thirds across the wing; 
while the insects of the other group generally lack the pale basal 
marking, but have a whitish, dark-edged streak along the base of the 
dorsal edge; but there are several exceptions in both groups. 
Some of the species are very similar and difiicult to distinguish from 
each other; but the recognized American species may be separated by 
the following synoptic table. 
Only the American synonyms are mentioned in the following pages, 
and European references to such species as are common to America 
and Europe are given only by the number of the species in Stau- 
dinger and Rebel's Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palsearctischen Fau- 
nengebietes. 
Forewings with veins 2 and 3 stalked 1 
Forewings with veins 2 and 3 separate 30 
1. Base of forewings black [or dark brown] 2 
Base of forewings not black 5 
2. Forewings with black costal markings 3 
Forewings without such markings 4- gracilis. 
3. Forewings with white dot at end of cell 1. atrodorsella. 
Forewings without such dot 4 
4. First discal spot a large comma-shaped streak 3. thoracenigrxlla. 
First discal spot a small dot 2. umbraticostella. 
5. Second discal spot at end of cell wholly or partly white 6 
With no white in second discal spot 22 
6. First discal spot wholly or partly white 7 
With no white first discal spot 13 
7. Ground color of wings greyish ; extreme tip of palpi light 8 
Ground color of wings reddish; extreme tip of palpi black 10 
8. Brush on second joint of palpi large and much wider at tip than at the base. 
17. nebulosa. 
Brush on second joint of palpi narrow and of about even width in its entire 
length 9 
9. With distinct black line preceding second discal spot 16. ciniJJonella. 
Without such line 15. Mamatkiana. 
10. With two obliquely placed black dots in disk 11 
Without such dots 12. psoraliella. 
11. With nidistinct angulated pale fascia 12 
Without fascia 11. ivalsinghamclla. 
