808 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MVSEUM. 
brown; nape cinnamon with little or no pinkish tinge, and exten- 
sively obscured ])y brownish; yellow of throat and head paler; breast 
and sides more shaded with brownish. 
Adult male in inlntei' j)f^'^i^(i(/''- — No. 1924, collection of Dr. A. K. 
Fisher; Far Rockaway Beach, Long Island, New York, February 7, 
1885; A. K. Fisher. — Differs from the summer dress in being some- 
what more deeply colored; in the more blended appearance of the 
upper surface, owing to the dull tips of the feathers; in the more 
pinkish cast of nape, upper tail-coverts and bend of wing; in the 
darker shade of yellow on throat and head; and in the conspicuous 
dusky markings on the breast. 
Adult female in winter plumage. — No. 113165, U.S.N.M. ; South 
Duxbury, Massachusetts, November 28, 1886. — Like the summer 
female, but with all the dark areas more uniform in coloration, due to 
the blending effect of dull tips to the feathers; yellow rather brighter, 
and dusky on breast and sides pronounced. 
Young in fir Ht i^lu mage. — No. 111760, U.S.N.M., Penguin Island, 
Newfoundland, July 24, 1887; F. A. Lucas and W. Palmer. Above 
deep sepia brown, most of the feathers spotted and margined with 
dull yellowish, buffy or ochraceous; tail much as in the adult; throat 
and breast dull yellowish, deepest on the latter, and more or less 
spotted with dusk}^; rest of under surface yellowish white. 
True alpestrh is distinguished from all the other races l)y its com- 
bination of large size, dark, rufescent upper surface, and deep vellow 
of throat and eyebrow. 
The young are characterized by dark colors combined with a con- 
spicuous yellow suffusion, this latter usually very noticeable below, 
often .,\Q\\ posteriorly. 
As was long ago pointed out by Dr. Coues,^ the subspecific name 
al^jestris belongs primarily to the bird from northeastern America, to 
which it is now for the first time definitely restricted. The Alauda 
alpestris of Linnaeus ^ was based entirely upon the Alauda gutturefiavo 
of Catesb}",^ which latter, it has been suggested, might, in at least so 
far as locality is concerned, have been either the race now generally 
recognized as the typical one — that is, the bird from Labrador and 
Newfoundland, — or the more southern sul)species p7YUicola. The 
question thus raised is readily answered by reference to Catesb3"'s own 
statements as well as his accompanying figure. The latter represents 
a bird which from its very yellow throat and superciliary stripe and 
its very brownish upper parts would without hesitation be identified 
as quite typical of the northern form. The text, in so far as it is 
diagnostic, reads: 
' Birds of Colorado Valley, 1878, p. 189. 
■^Syst. Nat., 10th cd., I, 1758, p. 166. 
'Nat. Hist. Carolina, I, 1731, p. 32, pi. xxxii. 
