NO. 1271. REVIEW OF THE HORNED LARKS— OBERHOLSER. 811 
scapulars and wing-s sepia, edged Avitli paler; two central tail-feathers 
like the ])ack, rest of tail brownish black, the two outer feathers with 
exterior margins and tips of white; lores, cheeks, jugulum and fore 
part of crown black; throat and remainder of face pale yellow; rest 
of lower parts dull white; the sides washed with brownish and cinna- 
momeous. 
Adult feuialeinhreeding pluinage. — No. 102993,LT.S.N.M. ; Lisistrov% 
Russia, May 19, 1876.— Similar to the male, but upper parts more 
unifoi-m, the crown, nape and back much mixed with ))rownish or 
grayish; black of cheeks less pure, and colors generally duller. 
Adult male in. iohiter plumage. — No. 77707, U.S.N.M. ; Heligoland, 
November, 1878; H. Gatke. — Similar to summer male, but all the 
upper parts much obscured by brownish tips to the feathers; throat 
deeper 3^ellow; sides of the body more heavily w^ashed with broAvnish; 
bi-east heavily spotted with dusky. 
Female in 'uilnter j)lumage. — No. 147823, U.S.N.M.; France. — Like 
I he summer dress, but the darker colors eveiy where ol)scured by dull 
tips to the feathers; 3^ellow areas darker; the breast conspicuously 
streaked with dusky; everywhere rather more deeply colored. 
This race is, of course, most closely allied to true alpef^tris., but dif- 
fers in its reduced size, this particularly att'ecting the bill, and in the 
noticeably more pinkish tinge of the cervix, upper tail-coverts and 
bend of wing. These diflerences obtain in the females as well as the 
males, and are observable in both winter and summer plumages. With 
regard to the other Old World forms of Otocorh no ditficulties of 
identification should exist, since all the races of ])enkillata have the 
t)lack of the thi-oat united to that of the cheeks; lovgirofitrl'i and all 
its closel}' related forms have a pure white throat; and rr/A/.y is inuch 
paler al)ove. 
]*r<)))al)ly lack of material caused both Mr. Henshaw and Dr. Dwight 
to consider the bird of Europe and Siberia identical with alpestris of 
north(^astern America, in which view they have been followed b}^ 
ap])arently all subsequent writers. Comparison of a sufficient series 
makes (>vident that it is quite as much entitled to recognition as some 
of the current foi-ms. The very large, pale specimen from southern 
Russia upon which Mr. Henshaw particularly comments' has not been 
found, and it is possible that there lurks somewhere here a misidenti- 
tication or mistake of locality. In connection with this Dr. Sharpe's 
remarks" should be consulted. The earliest and therefore proper 
name for the Old World form of alpedrh is Alauda flava Gmelin,'' 
based wholl}' on the Ceinture de Pretre ou Alouette de Slherie of 
•Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 257. 
■^Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 544. 
=*Syst. Nat.,I, 1788,p. 800. 
