822 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vouxxiv. 
size, o-(MUM':ilIy palei- throat, tog'ether with paier, nmch \mn-o brownish 
up])('r surface; from mcri'illi in laro-er size and li!4■ht^'l■, iiioi'(» hrownisli 
coloration. 
O.'ix-ortx (ilpei^trl>< leucolsema in first plumage is hardly to be con- 
founded with the same condition of eith(M- pratieoJa or nirrrtlll, lacing- 
so much [)al(M\ more ochraceous on both the jugulum and the upper 
parts; and this pallor will serve to distinguish it from also (tipestris and 
/loj/fi. It is much more grayish above and usually paler than ((ctld^ 
but some specimens would be difficult to separate without knowing the 
localities. Compared with adusta and (uti'dvae^ young Iciicnln^nHi is. 
of course, decidedly more grayish on the upper surface. 
Ever since Mr. Henshaw published his treatise on the American 
horned larks ^ the name leucolaeina Coues*^ has, by almost all writ(>rs 
except Dr. Coues himself, been applied to the form which ])reeds In 
Alaska. How such an identification came to be made is not quite 
clear, but it has apparent!}^ been accepted without question. Speaking 
of what he considered leucoJmiiin^ Mr. Henshaw has this to say:'' '"■ It 
has been supposed to breed along our northern frontier in Montana, 
etc., and Colorado even has been assigned as its summer habitat. So 
far as is shown by the specimens at hand, however, it does not spend 
the sunmier an}' where within our frontier, all of the summer speci- 
mens from Montana, Dakota and Colorado, which have been called 
learola'itia^ being referable to the next form. The only region where 
the specimens at hand absolutely prove that it breeds is Alaska, where 
it was taken by both Mr. Nelson and Mr. Turner." When this was 
written the type of leucohema^ViH not accessible, luit there were in the 
ITnited States National Museum specimens taken ])y Dr. (youes at the 
same time, at the same place as the type, and which, moreover, bore 
his identitication as '"'"Jeucolmma.^" Dr. Coues' original description, 
as well as the remark he makes on the preceding page, where he calls 
leucokeiiia a "pale race, breeding on dry interior plains of the West," 
together with the synonymy cited, and his subsequent remarks on the 
subject in ''Birds of the Colorado Valley,"* all apply better to the 
form for which they were intended than to the Alaskan l)ird, to which 
Mr. Henshaw restricted the name. The only circumstance that seems 
to point toward the correctness of the identitication made by Mr. 
Henshaw is the statement in the original description that leucolmma 
is ''not smaller than typical aJixntTlx."^ This is fully explained, how- 
ever, l)y the fact that the specimens Dr. Coues had in hand when 
descri})ing JeiicolcBma^ and which have been above mentioned as the 
ones bearing his identification, are of rather exceptional size for 
the Colorado and Montana race, and really are as large as some 
examples of alpestris. The type of leucolmma^ which is now in the 
^ Auk, I, July, 1884, pp. 254-268. . ■' Auk, I, 1884, p. 258. 
2 Birds Northwest, 1874, p. 39. ' 1878, pp. 186-190. 
