852 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiv. 
Description. — Adult male !n hreeding 'plumage. — No. 98402, 
U.S.N.M.; Red Bluff, California, April 12, 1884; Charles H. Town- 
send. — Back fuscous, much suffused and mixed with dull reddish 
cinnamon, producing a rather uniform effect; occiput, nape, bend of 
wing and superior tail-coverts brick red; wings fuscous, margined 
with reddish cinnamon and buffy; two middle tail-feathers similar to 
the back; rest of tail brownish black, the outer pair of feathers mar- 
gined externally with buffy white; fore part of crown, horns, lores, 
cheeks and jugulum black; forehead, superciliar}'^ stripe, auriculars, 
chin and throat pale primrose yellow; remainder of lower surface 
white, the sides tinged with reddish cinnamon and somewhat streaked 
with dusky. 
Adult female in. hreeding jthim age. — No. 98413, U.S.N.M. ; Red 
Bluff", California, April 12, 1884; Charles H. Townsend. — Similar to 
the adult male at the same season, l)ut back rather less uniform; 
occiput dull brownish, streaked with darker; nape dull pinkish cinna- 
mon, broadly streaked Avith brown; black of crown replaced by dark 
brownish; black of cheeks and lores much mixed with brown. 
Adult male in to inter pluniage. — No. 124407, U.S.N.M.; Gridley, 
California, January 25, 1891; L. Belding. — Similar to the sunmier 
male, but darker, duller and more uniform above; the yellow of 
throat and head deeper; breast tinged with yellow of throat; sides 
of body darker. 
Adult female in iv inter plumage. — No. 139862, U.S.N.M., Biolog- 
ical Survey collection; Willows, California, January 4, 1894; C. P. 
Streator. — Like the female in summer, but everywhere darker, the 
breast shaded with brownish and somewhat streaked with dusky. 
This form is easily distinguishable from all the other horned larks 
by the peculiar color of the occiput and cervix, which is a In'ight brick 
red with very little tinge of pinkish, particularly in summer; the 
remainder of the upper surface is much suffused with the same shade, 
further differentiating rulea from both insularis and strigata., which 
races in other respects it closely resembles. 
The type of ruhea is an adult male, evidently in breeding plumage, 
collected by Mi'. Belding, supposedly at Stockton, California. This 
locality, however, is queried on the label, and there seems now much 
reason to believe that this specimen did not come from Stockton at 
all, for the horned larks breeding there, though not typical aotia, are 
nearer that form than to ruhea; yet heretofore they have been referred 
to ruhea., probably on the strength of the type. This bird in all 
probability came from some locality in the Sacramento Valley north 
of Stockton, as it is a specimen very typical of the race inhabiting the 
region about Red Bluff and Mount Lassen, California, and which passes 
current under the proper name of ruhea. Mr. Henshaw in his original 
description included both 7'uhea and actia of the present review.^ 
^Auk, I, July, 1884, p. 260. 
