460 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



Antbosoma crassum, on mackerel-shark. 



Lenia^a braucbialis, ou cod-fisb. 



Penella pbimosa, on Diodon pilosus aud Ebombus, sp. 



Aucborella uncinata, on cod-fisb. 



LerniTeouema radiatam, on menbaden, (458.) 



Lernieonema, sp., on a species of Carangus. 



Coronnbi diadem a, on wbales. 



Leeches. 



Brancbiobdella Eavenelii, on sting-rays ; Angnst, September, (458.) 

 Cystobrancbns vividus, on minnows ; October to December 18, (458.) 

 Icbtbyobdella FnnduH, on minnows 5 witb last, (458.) 

 Icbtbyobdella, sp., dredged oE l^ew Loudon, April. 

 Poutobdella rapax, on flonnders, (458.) 

 Malacobdella obesa, in long clams, (458.) 

 M. merceuaria, in round clams, (458.) 

 Myzobdella lugubris, on tbe edible crab, (458.) 

 Bdelloura Candida, on gills of Limulus. 



MOLLUSCA. 



Gastropods. 



Stylifer Stimpsouii, on the green sea-urchin. 

 Eulima oleacea, on Tliyone Briareus, (418.) 



III. — Fauna of the estuaries, harbors, ponds, and marshes. 



Tbe region about Vineyard Sound aud Buzzard's Bay, like that of the 

 entire southern coast of New England and the coast farther south, is 

 characterized by large numbers of ponds, lagoons, and estuaries, having 

 a more or less interrupted communication witb tbe sea.^ These are 

 usually quite shallow, though ofteu of great extent. The bottom is 

 generally muddy, with occasional patches of sand, but at tbe surface 

 usually consists largely of decaying vegetable and animal debris mixed 

 with mud. 



Tbe "eel-grass" {Zostera marina) gvovfs in the shallower waters in 

 great quantities, sometiuies in small scattered patches, at other times 

 covering large areas. Some of these ponds and estuaries receive con- 

 siderable, though variable, quantities of fresh water from streams flow- 

 ing into them, while others receive but little, except the surfoce drain- 

 age of the land immediately around them ; but in most of them the 

 fresh water is in sufficient quantities to give a " brackish" character to 

 the waters. Owing to tbe narrow and often shallow channels by which 

 the ponds communicate witb tbe open waters, the tide is usually irreg- 

 ular, and its rise and fall ofteu much less than outside, so that the wa- 

 ters have little tidal motion. The shallowness of the water and the abun- 



