464 EEPORT OT^OMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



York tlae long clam is but little sought as an article of food, except for local 

 use. Ou the coast of New Jersey it is often called the " maniuose clam," 

 from the Indian name (frequently corrupted to " nanny-nose.") It is 

 also sometimes called the "soft-shelled clam," in distinction from ' the 

 " quahog," which is called " hard-shelled." The "long clams" of certain 

 localities on Long Island Sound, as, for instance, those from Guilford, 

 Connecticut, are of very excellent quality, and are very highly esteemed. 



The Guilford clams are assorted into regular sizes, and are bought from 

 the fishermen ou the spot by the hundred. Those of large size bring 

 about $3 per hundred ; these are retailed in the market at New Haven 

 for 60 cents per dozeu. Smaller sizes bring 48 cents and 30 cents per 

 dozen. During unusually low tides in winter clams of extraordinary size 

 are obtained at Guilford, below the zone ordinarily uncovered by the 

 tide; these often weigh a pound or more, and sell for about 8l.2o per 

 dozen ; occasionally the weight is as much as a pound and a half, and the 

 shells become six or eight inches in length. 



The ordinary long clams of small and moderate sizes bring 95 cents, 

 $1.25, and $2 per bushel at wholesale; these retail in our markets at 

 50 cents to 75 cents per peck, the smallest sizes being cheapest, while 

 the reverse is the case with the round clams. 



In New Haven the long clams are chiefly sold in winter, being " out 

 of season" in summer, when the round clams supply the markets. But 

 in New York the long clams are sold during the whole year. 



Large quantities of these clams are also collected on the northern 

 coasts of New England and put up for bait, to be used in the cod-fishery 

 at the banks of Newfoundland. 



The total amount collected and used annually is probably not less 

 than 1,000,000 bushels. 



List of s])ecies inhabiting sandy shores and bottoms of estuaries. 



ARTICULATA. 



Insects. 



Page. 



Larvne of fly, (Muscidre) 463 



Ephydra, sp., larvte 466 



Ciciudela, larvfe 335 



Bembidium constrictum . 



B. contractum 



Phy tosus littoralis 335 



Crustacea. 



Pajre 



Page. 



Bledius cordatus ' 462 



B. pallipennis 462 



Heterocera undatus 335 



Phaleria testacea 



Anurida maritima 331 



Page. 



Gelasimus pugilator 462 



Cancer irroratus 312 



Carcinus granulatus 312 



Eupagurus longicarpus 463 



Palaemonetes vulgaris 463 



Crangon vulgaris 463 



Orchestia agilis 462 



Talorchestia longicornis 462 



T. megalophthalma 462 



Epely s trilobus 370 



Limulus Polyi^hemus 340 



