482 EEPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



Pan/phacrocea, (i^. 390, Plate, XXXVI, fig. 274,) wbicli grows in large 

 tufts, several luclies in height, and often covers large surfaces of the piles 

 and timbers at and just below low-water mark. Associated with this the 

 Obelia gelatinosa (p. 391) often occurs in large quantities. This is a 

 large and very beautiful species, having a large dark colored stem, com- 

 posed of numerous united tubes, but the terminal branches are white 

 and delicate, and the cells have an elegant bell-shaped form, with a 

 toothed margin. It grows to the length of a foot or more. This species 

 occurs on the piles of Long Wharf, in Xew Haven Harbor, in great 

 abundance, associated with the preceding ; at this place the water is not 

 only quite brackish, but is very imjiure, on account of sewerage, &c. 



Other species of Ohelia also occur in similar places. The Balanns ebur- 

 neus is a very abundant barnacle in brackish waters, growing upon piles, 

 timbers, oyster-stakes, and every other kind of fixed wood- work, and 

 also upon the bottoms of vessels and tloating timber. As already re- 

 marked (p. 381) it is capable of living even in fresh water. The Balu' 

 71US halanoldes also occurs where the water is less brackish. The piles 

 and timbers of the wharves are often badly damaged by the perfora- 

 tions of Teredo navalis (p. 381, Plate XXYI, fig. 183) even where the 

 water is very brackish.* 



The Limnoria lignorum (p. 379) also attacks wood-work in waters that 

 are somewhat brackish. 



Lists of species ijiliahi ting piles of tvharves, floating timhers, &c., in hraclc- 



ish waters. 



ARTICULATA. 



Insects. 



Page. 



Panopens depressus 312 



Microdeutopus miuax 479 



Amphithot' compta 370 



Corophium cylindricum 370 



Caprella, sp 316 



Page. 



Jiera copiosa 315 



Idotea irrorata 316 



Limnoria lignorum 482 



Balanus balanoides 482 



B. eburneus 482 



* Since the account of the Teredo navalis, on page 384, has been in type, I have learned 

 some additional facts in regard to it from Mr. Y. N. Edwards. The statement that the 

 huoys are taken up every six mouths does not apply to the spar -buoys, which are 

 taken up only once a year, in April and May. Mr. Edwards states that the Teredos 

 ■would destroy an unpainted spar-buoy in one year, but when painted with verdigris 

 they will only work where the paint becomes rubbed off. They grow to full .size in 

 one year. They first attack buoys or piles just below the water's edge, but eventually 

 will destroy the entire submerged part of the sj)ar-buoys. He thinks that some of 

 them live through the winter. 



