652 EEPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



states of this variable species are : L. saxatilis Johnson ; Turio sulcatus Leach ; 

 Ttirbojugosus Montagu; L. patula{var.) Jeffreys; L. negleota Bean ; T. ventrieosus 

 Brown; L. marmorata PfeifFer; Neriia litiorea FaLricius {non Linn^) ; L. 

 Gronlandica MoUer, Lov^n, Morck ; L. rtidissima Bean; L. ronaria Beau ; L. 

 negJecta Bean, etc. 



Great Egg Harbor, 'New Jersey, northward to the Arctic Ocean ; 

 Greenland ; Iceland ; Spitzbergen. aSTorthern coasts of Europe to Great 

 Britain and Spain. Local south of Long Island Sound ; abundant on 

 all the rocky shores of Southern Xew England, from New York to Cape 

 Cod, and at the eastern end of Long Island ; local at Great Egg Har- 

 bor, among Fncus, on the stones of an old pier. Extremely abundant 

 on all the northern shores of New England and northward. Fossil in 

 the Post-Pliocene of Canada, Great Britain, and Scandinavia. 



LiTTORINA PALLIATA. Plate XXIV, fig. 138. (p. 305.) 



Gould, Invert, of Mass., ed. i, p. 200, fig. 167, 1841 ; ed. ii, p. 309, fig. 578. Turbo 

 palliatus Say, op. cit., p. 240, 1822. Littorina ncritoidea Dekay, Mollusca New 

 Vork, p. 105, Plate 6, figs, 109-111 (non Turbo neritoldea Linne). Littorina 

 littoraUs Stimpson, Shells of New England, p. 83, (non Forbes and Hanley ; 

 non Xerita Utloralis Linnd). Turbo littoraUs Fabricius, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 

 402, 1780 (non Linne). Littorina arctica Moller, Kroyer's Tidsskrift, vol. 

 iv, p. 82, 1842. (?) Littorina limata Lov<5n, Ofversigt af Kongl. Vet.-Akad. 

 Furhandliugar, vol. iii, p. 154, 1846. Littorina Peconica S. Smith, Annals 

 Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, vol. vii, p. 155, 1860. 



Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, to the Arctic Ocean ; Greenland, 

 Spitzbergen, Finmark, and Norway. Very abundant from New York 

 to Cape Cod and northward, wherever Fuci grow on rocks between 

 tides 5 local and less abundant south of Long Island Sound. 



Fossil in the Post-Pliocene of Great Britain and Scandinavia. 



Should this species prove to be identical with L. obtnsata (Liun<5, sp.) of 

 Europe, as there is reason to anticipate, its range will be nearly coinci- 

 dent with that of L. rudis, with which it is always found associated on 

 our coast. Several writers have already united the two forms, but na 

 satisfactory comparisons of large series of specimens, from many local- 

 ities on both coasts, have been made. 



Lacuna vincta Turton. Plate XXIV, fig. 139. (p. 305.) 



Gould, Invert., ed. i, p. 262, figs. 169, 178*, 1841; ed. ii, p. .302, fig. 573. Turbo 

 vincta Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 307, Plate 20, fig. 3, (t. Gould). TrocJius divarica- 

 <HS Fabricius, Fauna Gronlandica, p. 392, 1780 (non Linn6). Lacuna divaricala 

 Lov^n, op. cit., p. 155, 1846 ; Jeffreys, British Conchology, vol. iii, p. 346. 



According to Jeffreys, the following are among the synonyms or vari- 

 eties of this species : Turbo canalis Montagu ; T. quadrifasciata Mont.,- 

 Phasianella fasciata, P. bifasciata, P. cornea, and P. striata Brown ; La- 

 cuna solidula Loven ; L. lahiosa Loven ; L. frigida Loven. 



New York to the Arctic Ocean 5 Greenland, Iceland, Lapland, Scan- 

 dinavia, Great Britain, France; on the Pacific coast of America south- 

 ward to Puget Sound. Long Island Sound, common, but rather local ; 

 Watch Hill, Ehode Island, among algre, in 4 to 5 fathoms; Vineyard 



