742 EEPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



more or less irregular, slender, blunt papillrtj, each of which bears a tuft 

 of numerous slender, acute, more or less bent spicules, arising from its 

 lateral and terminal surfaces. At the tips of the branches the papillae 

 are more slender and divergent, and the texture is more open and loose. 

 During life these papilhe are connected together by a thin dermal mem- 

 brane, through which the spicules project but little. The oscules are 

 small and scattered over the surface. Color, when living, dark red to 

 orange-red; when dried, generally dark grayish brown or umber-colored, 

 fading to dull yellowish brown and gray. Diameter of branches mostly 



Oium ^Q rruim 



South Carolina to Cape Cod. Yery abundant in Long Island Sound 

 and Vineyard Sound, low-water to 10 fathoms, on oysters and other 

 shells, stones, etc. ; Great Egg Harbor, !N"ew Jersey ; Fort Macon, North 

 Carolina (coll. Dr. Yarrow). 



IsoDiCTYA, species undetermined. 



Watch Hill, Ehode Island ; Yiueyard Sound and Nantucket, washed 

 ashore after storms in winter; Oasco Bay ; Bay of Fuudy. 



The specimens from Watch Hill have few broad, thick, palmate 

 branches, with large oscules and an opeu texture, with multispiculose 

 fibers. They resemble Isodictya palinata Bowerbank. 



Chalina oculata Bowerbauk. (p. 497.) 



British Spoiigiada?, vol. i, p. 203, Plate 13, fig. 262 ; vol. ii, p. 361. Spoitfjla oculata 

 Linn6, Syst. Nat., ed. x, sp. 2; ed. sii, p. 1299; Pallas, Elencb. Zooph., p. 390, 

 17G6. Halichondria oculata Johuston, op. cit., ]}. 94, Plate 3. 



Ehode Island to Labrador ; uorthern coast of Europe to Great Brit- 

 ain. Off Watch Hill, Ehode Island, -f to 5 fathoms ; off Gay Head, 4 to 

 15 fathoms; very common in Massachusetts Bay, Casco Bay, and Bay 

 of Fundy ; low- water to 80 fathoms. 



Chalina arbuscula Yerrill, sp. nov. (p. 409.) 



Sponge profusely branched, from close to the thick base ; branches 

 repeatedly dichotomous, slender, round or somewhat compressed, seldom 

 broad or palmate. Oscules small, round, irregularly scattered. Texture 

 of the surface finely reticulated when dry, with very delicate fibers, 

 which usually have but a single row of very slender fusiform spicules, 

 covered by a thin layer of horny matter ; the reticulations do not usu- 

 ally exceed the length of a single spicule. Primary longitudinal fibers 

 of the larger branches strong, horny, with several lines of spicules; 

 secondary fibers at right angles to the primary ones, much smaller, 

 with fewer spicules. The spicules are slender, fusiform (" acerate"), 

 much smaller and more slender than in the preceding species. Color, 

 when living, dull gray'; when dried, brownish, yellowish, or white. The 

 largest specimens are about one foot high ; more commonly 6 to 8 inches 

 (150""" to 200""") ; breadth often nearly as much ; diameter of branches, 



