180 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



ance and approval of the Commissioner. In that section the apparatus 

 of modern fish-culrure was shown by means of models and full-sized 

 specimens as far as possible in operation, and an historical series show- 

 ing- the development of modern appliances, as well as their geographical 

 variation. This included apparatus for collecting and carrying eggs 

 and for transporting spawning fish, hatching apparatus, rearing appa- 

 ratus, models and pictures of hatching and rearing establishments, 

 and collections showing the methods and results of fish-culture. 



Eggs in various stages of development were shown preserved in brine 

 or alcohol, and fish reared at the various stations were illustrated by 

 means of painted casts and alcoholic specimens. The food and the 

 enemies of fish were exhibited in various ways. There was also a 

 collection of fish-cultural literature. 



PRACTICAL FISH-CULTURE. 



To illustrate practically the fish-cultural work of the Commission, a 

 number of modern forms of trout and salmon troughs, shad and white- 

 fisli tables, and cod boxes were erected in the exhibit, and operations 

 conducted during the entire Fair with real and artificial eggs. The 

 apparatus was as follows : Two hatching tables, 8 feet long, 3 feet wide, 

 and 3 feet high, equipped with McDonald jars for hatching eggs of 

 shad, whitefish, and pike perch; four representative salmon and trout 

 troughs, S feet long, 12 inches wide, and 8 inches deep, one for hatching- 

 trout eggs on gravel, one on trays, the Clark- Williamson combina- 

 tion, one of the Atkins pattern, such as is used in hatching the 

 Atlantic and landlocked salmon in Maine, and the other with a Stone 

 salmon basket, commonly used on the Pacific Coast. A set of McDonald 

 cod boxes and Chester jars was also provided for illustrating work 

 with cod and other floating eggs. As it was not possible to obtain 

 live eggs throughout the season, it was necessary to provide a substi- 

 tute, so that there should be no cessation in our work. Through the 

 ingenuity of Mr. S. G. Worth, superintendent of Central station, arti- 

 ficial eggs were made of resin for illustrating the methods employed in 

 hatching the floating and semi-buoyant varieties. 



Salmon and trout eggs preserved in brine were used in the troughs. 

 These eggs were the dead ones inched out of the hatching troughs at 

 the different stations of the Commission during the previous winter, 

 and answered the purpose well. Credit is due Mr. J. J. Stranahan for 

 this idea. The artificial eggs having been found to be of greater spe- 

 cific gravity than fresh water, and it having been demonstrated that 

 eggs kept in brine would soon decay in fresh water, it was necessary to 

 equip this composite hatchery so that either fresh or salt water could 

 be used in each form of apparatus. The fresh water was furnished by 

 the Exposition Company and was pumped from Lake Michigan. This 

 was found to be fairly good for hatching operations, and ranged in tem- 

 perature from 42° E. in May to 74° in August, and down again to 47° 

 in October. 



