FISHES OF VERMONT. 581 



In 1850 Girard (Proc. Amcr. Assoc. Adv. of Sci., II, 1850, 411, and 

 Proc. Post. Soc. Xat. Hist., ill, 1850, 189; also monograph of Cottoids, 

 in Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 55, December, 1851) 

 described as new Coitus gobioides from "a specimen of 4 inches that 

 we have had figured [and for which] we are indebted to the kindness 

 of Rev. Z. Thompson, of Burlington, to whom it was presented by Mr. 

 Eansom Colbertli, who caught it in June, 1841, while fishing for the 

 brook trout in a branch of the Lamoille River, in the town of Johuson, 

 Lamoille County." 



He also describes as new Cottns boleoides, from a series of individuals 

 collected by Ed. Cabot, esq., of Boston, at Windsor, Yt. In 1855 

 Agassiz gave the original description of Garpiodes thompsoni in the 

 American Journal of Science and Arts (p. 76), the type locality being 

 Lake Champlain; and in 1872 Dumeril, in his Histoire Naturelle des 

 Poissons (vol. n, p. 419), describes the bowfin [Amia calva) as new, 

 giving it the name Amia thompsoni. The specimen described came 

 from Lake Champlain, and was sent to the Paris Museum by Zadock 

 Thompson. 



The waters of Vermont are chiefly tributary either to the St. Law- 

 rence or the Connecticut River. In the southwestern part of the State 

 a small area has its drainage westward into the Hudson. About 

 two-thirds of the western boundary of the State is formed by Lake 

 Champlain, into which flow the principal rivers of Vermont, among 

 them being the Missisquoi, Lamoille, Winooski, and Otter. The outlet 

 of Lake Champlain is the Richelieu River, which joins the St. Lawrence 

 at the head of Lake St. Peter. The northeastern portion of Lake 

 Champlain is Missisquoi Bay, which is crossed by the international 

 boundary, and lies, therefore, partly in Canada. This bay is important 

 in that it contains extensive spawning beds of the wall-eyed pike and 

 the shadwaiter, and more commercial fishing has been carried on here 

 than elsewhere in the lake in recent years. 



Just east of the middle of the northern boundary of the State is 

 Lake Memphremagog, one of the most beautiful bodies of water to be 

 found auy where in America. It extends for 30 miles in a general north- 

 and south direction, the international boundary line crossing it about 8 

 miles from the southern end. The greatest width of this lake is said 

 to be about 6 miles, but the average probably does not exceed 2 miles- 

 That portion of the lake lying in Vermont is comparatively shallow, the 

 depth rarely exceeding 18 or 20 feet; near the State line it is probably 

 25 feet or even more. On the Canadian side the depth is much greater; 

 at one place, near the Mountain House, about 8 miles north of the Ver- 

 mont line, a depth of 700 feet is said to have been found. The south 

 end of the lake has a sandy bottom in most places, with some gravel- 

 At Horseneck Island is a ledge, apparently of limestone, which almost 

 reaches the surface. The bottom on the Canadian side has more gravel 

 and numerous rock ledges. 



