590 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



in Lake Chaniplain, viz, the true whitefish (C. clupeiformis), the Musquaw whitefish 

 (C. labradoricus), the round whitefish (C. quadrihtteraUs), and the lake herring 

 (Argyrosomus artedi), hut further evidence is necessary to settle the exact status of 

 each. The artificial propagation and planting of the various food-fishes greatly 

 complicates questions of distribution of this kind. The true whitefish and perhaps 

 others have been planted in Lake Chaniplain, and it will now he difficult to determine 

 the natural relations of the species of fishes in this lake. 



29. Coregonus labradoricus Richardson. " Shadwaiter" ; "Shad"; Musquaw 

 Whitefish. 



We have examined the following specimens of this species from Vermont waters: 

 Two, Nos. 67 and 68, 15 and 19.1 inches long and weighing 1{ and 2} pounds, respectively, 

 from Missisquoi Bay, obtained by Mr. Richard Rathbun in 1894, and one 18 inches 

 long, weighing a little over 2^ pounds, caught in Lake Memphremagog, received 

 from Hon. L. D. Miles, of Newport, November 23, 1894. The following are descrip- 

 tions of these specimens: 



No. 67. Head 4£; depth, 34-; eye 4f; snout 4?; D. 11; A. 11, not counting rudi- 

 ments; maxillary 4 in head, just reaching front of pupil, lower jaw included; the 

 distance from snout to occiput 2£ in the distance from occiput to dorsal; scales 

 10-72-9; gillrakers 9-J-17 (counting the one in the angle with those on the long 

 arm) short, 2\ in eye. 



No. 68. Head5-f; depth 34; eye 5; D. 12; A. 11; snout5; maxillary just reaching 

 front of eye, 3^ in head, lower jaw included; distance from snout to occiput 2| 

 in distance from occiput to dorsal; scales 10-71-8; gillrakers 9 + 16 (counting the one 

 in the angle as one of the long arm) short, the longest 2 in eye. Color dark on back 

 and sides, but paler than the above; white below ; fins all black-tipped as in No. 67. 



Description of specimen from Lake Memphremagog, a spent female, 18 inches 

 long: Head 4*; depth 4; eye 5; snout 4J, ; D. 10; A. 11; maxillary 4 in head, just 

 reaching front of eye; mandible 2 J in head, reaching past middle of pupil, lower 

 jaw included; snout projecting, pig-like; height of dorsal 2 in head, last ray 4 

 in head; first ray of anal 2, last ray 6, in head; pectorals equal last ray of dorsal 

 or the A T entrals in length; eaudals deeply forked; scales 10-87-9; gillrakers, 10 -f- 15, 

 and 10-|-16, the longest 2 in eye. Color rather dark olivaceous ; sides silvery with 

 greenish reflections, white below; scales on sides of belly with few dusky spots; 

 fins all black-tipped, as in A. nigripinnis, all paler at base. 



There is a large specimen in the National Museum (No. 102881) from Lake ( 'ham- 

 plain, collected by Mr. P. S. Phelps. 



The two examples from Missisquoi Bay were collected in October, 1894, by Mr, 

 Niles, who called them true whitefish; the one received from Mr. L. D. Miles from 

 Lake Memphremagog, November 23, 1884, is what he called "shadwaiter." 



Mr, Eli Cameron, of Rouses Point, says the fishermen often spear bluebacks 

 through the ice in winter. These also are probably C. labradoricus. 



Mr. A. S. Hilliker, of Alburg Springs, says that "the principal catch by tbe 

 licensed seines in Missisquoi Bay in the fall is the shad, a kind of whitefish. They 

 bring about 8 cents a pound shipped to New York. They are ripe with spawn in 

 November, when they come from deep water into shallow water, where they spawn. " 



Mr. Samuel Decker, of West Swanton, says that the "shad" are gotten mostly in 

 the fall, when they come into shallow water for spawning. 



Hon. L. D. Miles, of Newport, says the shadwaiters spawn in the fall, when they 

 come near the shores from deep water. 



We have received two fine specimens of this fish from Mr. Collins. One was a 

 male, 16i inches long, and weighed 2 pounds; the other a female, 23 inches long, and 

 weighing 6 pounds. They had apparently spawned last fall. They were called 

 "whitefish or shad" by Mr. Collins. 



