NO. U42. JAME^ TYl'ES OF JmVOZOA—BASSLER. ' 3 



In the application of the these rules to the James types, many dif- 

 ficulties are encountered. These occur especially in those cases where 

 the specimens marked as types fail to conform in important respects 

 with the original descriptions. In many cases it seems almost certain 

 that the specimens now marked as the types were not the ones origi- 

 nally used b}^ the elder James in describing the species. Furthermore, 

 it is probable that the selection of the types occurred subsequently, 

 possibly when the younger James joined his father in the study of 

 these organisms. As it is now impossible to determine this point, and 

 as labels in the elder .James's handwriting in every case accompany the 

 type, we must accept the specimens thus marked as the original types 

 and apply the rules to these. 



The stud}^ of these type specimens has forcibly impressed upon the 

 writer the caution that ought to be observed by cataloguers in record- 

 ing literature of this kind. In 1900" Nickles and the writer recognized 

 a number of the poorl}^ defined James species, placing well defined and 

 tigured species of other authors as s^'^nonyms. These identiiications 

 were based mainly upon "authentic*" specimens one of them had 

 received from Mr. U. P. James, and also partly upon their interpre- 

 tation of his descriptions. Unfortunately this interpretation and the 

 authentic specimens do not in a number of cases agree with the types, 

 thus making a revision of the synonymy necessary. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



The paleontological publications of Mr. U. P. James commenced in 

 ISTI with the issue of a Catalogue of Lower Silurian Fossils. In this 

 pamphlet a few species now referred to the bryozoa were named but 

 not described. In a second and enlarged edition of the catalogue, which 

 appeared in 1875, these and other species were briefly described. In 

 July, 1878, appeared the first number of the Paleontologist, a private 

 publication devoted to geology and paleontology. Seven numbers, 

 consisting altogether of 53 pages and 2 plates, were issued at irregular 

 intervals from 1878 to 1883. The descriptions in this paper are often 

 clear and concise, and have the additional advantage of including 

 accurate measurements, as well as a statement of the horizon, locality, 

 and range of the species. In the treatment of the monticuliporoids, in 

 Nos. H and 7, more or less detailed accounts of their internal structure 

 are given. Five additional species of this class are described by Mr. 

 James in articles appearing in the Journal of the Cincinnati Society 

 of Natural History. Many of the descriptions in the foregoing arti- 

 cles are, as mentioned before, clear and concise and show that their 

 author was not only an acute observer, but also appreciated the value 

 of both external and internal characters in the discrimination of species 

 belonging to this group. 



The series of papers by U. P. James and Joseph F. James, listed 



«Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 173, 1900. 



