NO. 1446. NEW PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA—ULRICH AND BASSLER. 153 



and Kirkby is one extreme, and BeyTichlella holUafornds Ulrioli and 

 Bassler is the other. 



The recognition of Synaphe as a synonym of Beyrichiella simplifies 

 the nomenclature of the Ostracoda, since this name has been used 

 previously for a o^enus of Coleoptera* and again for a genus of Lepi- 

 doptera.^ Cossman in 1899 '^ proposed the new name KirJcbyia to 

 replace Synaphe Jones and Kirkby, thereby adding to the confusion 

 since the two names Klrkhyln Cossman and KlrJchya Jones are prac- 

 tically identical. 



It is to be regretted that reviewers who are always on the lookout 

 to supplant old names with coinages of their own can not take the time 

 to go into the subject at least thoroughly enough to spare the student 

 further trouble. 



In all these unequivalved Carboniferous Beyrichiidte the lobation is, 

 as has. been stated, essentially the same. Normally it consists of a 

 rather constant round node situated behind (according to Jones and 

 Kirkby's orientation of the valves it would be in front of '') the median 

 sulcus and a larger lobe situated on the other side of the sulcus and 

 generally nearer the dorsal edge. These nodes are susceptible to con- 

 siderable variation, not only in different species, but also among 

 individuals of one and the same species. In the most simple types, 

 considered either as species or individuals, the valves resemble 

 Pi'imWm^ they being marked by nothing further than a median dorsal 

 sulcus. That they have no true relation to Prhaitia^ however, is 

 shown at once by the fact that the Carboniferous types in question 

 have unequal valves, in which feature they agree with contempo- 

 raneous lobate forms whose alliances with Primitla are therefore 

 obviously remote. 



In less simply constructed valves the postmedian lobe is separated 

 by a more or less impressed vertical sulcus from the broader swelling 

 that occupies the greater part of the posterior half in the most simple 

 types. In the further differentiation of the surface contour of the 

 valves the antero-median lobe is similarly separated. These separa- 

 tions are faintly indicated in figure 18 on Plate XI, which represents 

 about the maximum of lobation attained in B. gregaria. In the very 



"8iinaphe3. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb., 1864, p. 60. 



f>Synap}te Jacob Huebner, Verzeichness bekannter Schmetterlinge, 1816, p. 347. 



'^ Kirkbyia Cossman, Revue Critique de Paleozoologie, III, 1899, p. 45. '^Sijnaphe 

 Kirkby 1897. Crust. Triple emploi avec tSi/naphe Hubn. Lepid. 1816, et Thorns. 

 Coleopt. 1864, sans compter deux Synaplui ou S'maphi. Je propose de le remplacer 

 l)a,r K I rkbyia, Cossman." 



''Jones and Kirkby seem to have relied uniformly upon the relative thickness of 

 the ends of the carapace in deciding which is the right and whicii the left valve, the 

 thicker end being always called the posterior. The present writers, on the contrary, 

 seek to identify corresponding nodes in related genera and species, and thereby hope 

 to attain, first, consistent orientation, and, finally, a more natural classification of 

 the Beyrichiidie. 



