﻿158 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  of 
  Louisiana 
  [Sect. 
  

  

  Hervefs 
  ca?ial. 
  — 
  When 
  the 
  raft 
  closed 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  Red 
  

   bayou 
  a 
  canal 
  was 
  cut 
  about 
  1859 
  by 
  Col. 
  C. 
  M. 
  Hervey 
  from 
  the 
  

   river 
  four 
  miles 
  above 
  the 
  Red 
  bayou 
  outlet 
  into 
  what 
  was 
  then 
  

   Simpson's 
  lake. 
  

  

  Other 
  canals. 
  — 
  As 
  the 
  raft 
  advanced 
  other 
  canals 
  were 
  cut 
  : 
  

   on 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  — 
  Kountz's 
  canal 
  and 
  Sale 
  and 
  Murphy's 
  canal 
  ; 
  

   on 
  the 
  east 
  side, 
  Alban's 
  three 
  canals. 
  

  

  Lakes 
  

  

  Cross 
  lake. 
  — 
  About 
  a 
  mile 
  west 
  of 
  Shreveport 
  is 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  

   what 
  is 
  left 
  of 
  old 
  Cross 
  lake. 
  It 
  is 
  extremely 
  irregular 
  and 
  is 
  

   now 
  possibly 
  seven 
  or 
  eight 
  miles 
  long. 
  

  

  It 
  was 
  formed 
  by 
  the 
  filling 
  of 
  an 
  old 
  flat-bottomed 
  stream 
  

   valley 
  with 
  water. 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  reason 
  for 
  its 
  very 
  irregular 
  shape. 
  

   On 
  a 
  small 
  scale, 
  a 
  similar 
  result 
  is 
  obtained 
  when 
  an 
  artificial 
  

   dam 
  is 
  thrown 
  across 
  a 
  little 
  valley 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  pond 
  ; 
  water 
  fills 
  

   the 
  space 
  behind 
  the 
  dam 
  and 
  extends 
  itself 
  not 
  only 
  up 
  the 
  main 
  

   valley 
  but 
  a 
  little 
  way 
  into 
  each 
  side 
  valley. 
  An 
  examination 
  

   of 
  the 
  map, 
  Plate 
  16, 
  will 
  show 
  old 
  Cross 
  lake 
  to 
  have 
  the 
  shape 
  

   of 
  this 
  type 
  ; 
  the 
  main 
  lake 
  occupies 
  the 
  main 
  stream 
  valley 
  and 
  

   in 
  the 
  place 
  of 
  each 
  little 
  side 
  stream 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  little 
  sharp 
  

   re-entrant 
  bay. 
  

  

  As 
  seen 
  in 
  last 
  December 
  the 
  Bowman's 
  chute 
  outlet 
  exhibited 
  

   a 
  rather 
  peculiar 
  phenomena. 
  The 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  bayou 
  shows 
  a 
  

   complete 
  delta 
  (see 
  map 
  and 
  plate 
  15) 
  and 
  the 
  water 
  instead 
  o 
  

   flowing 
  from 
  the 
  delta 
  was 
  flowing 
  toward 
  it. 
  That 
  is, 
  there 
  is 
  

   here 
  a 
  delta 
  with 
  the 
  current 
  reversed. 
  

  

  Sodo 
  lake. 
  — 
  Whatever 
  the 
  origin 
  and 
  meaning 
  of 
  this 
  name 
  

   its 
  spelling 
  has 
  undergone 
  several 
  changes 
  in 
  the 
  present 
  cen- 
  

   tury 
  ; 
  originally 
  Sheodo,* 
  Sodor,t 
  or 
  Sodert 
  it 
  bacame 
  Sodo 
  or 
  

   Soda. 
  It 
  has 
  also, 
  with 
  Ferry 
  lake, 
  been 
  called 
  Caddo 
  lake, 
  

   after 
  the 
  Caddo 
  Indians. 
  The 
  lake 
  now 
  occupies 
  a 
  narrow 
  strip 
  

   along 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  hills, 
  four 
  or 
  five 
  miles 
  long 
  and 
  half 
  a 
  

   mile 
  wide. 
  

  

  * 
  Bowman, 
  25th 
  Cong. 
  2dSess. 
  Senate 
  Doc, 
  vol. 
  i, 
  No. 
  i, 
  p. 
  353, 
  1838. 
  

   f 
  Map 
  of 
  T. 
  19 
  N., 
  R. 
  15 
  W., 
  La. 
  Meridian. 
  Land 
  office 
  maps. 
  

   J 
  Map 
  of 
  Red 
  river, 
  by 
  Capt. 
  H. 
  M. 
  Shreve, 
  23 
  Cong, 
  ist 
  Sess., 
  House 
  

   Ex. 
  Doc, 
  vol. 
  3, 
  No. 
  98, 
  p. 
  13, 
  1834. 
  

  

  