XII CONTENTS. 



Page. 

 XIV. Cbarles CJ. Atkins. Eepout on the collection, etc., of Schoodic salmom— Cou- 

 tinued. 



Illustrations. 

 Plan of the inclosures used at the Schoodic salmon breeding estahlishment, Grand 



Lake Stream, 1877. Plate facing page 846 



(Explanation on the back.) 

 XV. James TV. Miluer. The propagation and distribution of shad in 1877. By Jas. 



W.Milner 847 



A. Station on the Susquehanna Eiver near Havre de Grace, Md 847 



B. Station on the Connecticut River at South Hadley Falls, Massachusetts 849 



C. Tables of shad propagation in 1877 850 



XVI. R. Eckliardt. The experbints in epropagating the maifisch (Alosa vulgaris), in 



1876 and 1877. By K. Eckhardt 853-863 



XVn. Fred Mather. The experiment of transporting turbot and sole from England 



TO America. By Fred Mather 867-87 



XVm. Karl ITIiibius. How can the cultivation of the oyster, especially on the Ger- 

 man COAST, BE made permanently PROFITABLE. By Karl Mobius, translated from the 

 German by H. Jacobson 875-884 



APPENDIX C— MISCELLANEOUS. 

 XIX. Ii. A. Beardslce. Experiment upon the time of exposure required for accurate 



OBSERVATIONS WITH THE CASELLA-MILLER DEEP-SEA THERMOMETER. By Commander L. 



A. Beardslee, United States Navy 887,900,901 



XX. Joliu Oamgee. On Artificial refrigeration. By John Gamgee, London, England. 901 



A. Introduction ~.. 901 



B. Importance of iish-culture in Great Britain 903 



C. Origin of knowledge of artificial cooling 903 



D. Definition of an ice-machine 906 



E. Types of ice-machines 907 



F. ThermodjTiamiclaws 907 



G. On cryogeus or cold-generating salts 908 



H. Special examples of cryohydrates 910 



I. Table of freezing-mixtures (Guthrie) 913 



J. Organic crystalloids in water ..» 913 



K. Cryogen machines 914 



L. Chloride of calcium ice-machine 915 



M. Gases and their liquefaction 917 



K. On ammonia 922 



O. The progiessive stages in ice-making inventions 925 



P. Air-machines 940 



Q. Gas ice-machines of new type 943 



E. Engines and pumps 944 



*Il. Eefrigerators and condensers 948 



S. Thermo-glacial engine 950 



T. Dry cold aii" as a preservative 951 



D. Does ice dry air 959 



V. Proposed improvement in freezing fish 959 



W. Preservation of bait and fish 960 



X. Preservation of salmon, cod, halibut, &c 964 



Y. Dry cold without ice 967 



Z. The glaciarium 968 



Z. Z. On rendering sea- water potable 969 



Conclusion 972 



Illustrations. 



Ice-making machine, Perkins' specification, plate to face page 926 



Carrie's apparatus, figure 933 



Tellier's British patent, plate to face page 936 



Sudlow's engine, Figitro 1 946 



Sudlow's engine. Figure 2 947 



Sudlow's engine, Figure 3 948 



Gamgee's condenser and refrigerator, plate to face page 949 



