TABLE OF CONTENTS. V 



Page. 

 Section D.— Geographical distribution and the movements of tde schools— Continued. 



14. The tnovcments of the schools of mendhaden — Continued. 



94. Differences in the swimming movements of the menhaden *nd the mackerel 71 



95. Birds attracted by the schools of fish 71 



96. The influence of wind and weather 72 



97. The movements of the herring as influenced hy weather 73 



93. The influence of the tides 74 



15. Alleged changes in the haunts and habits of the menhaden 74 



99. The allegation that the menhaden schools have been driven out to sea by the fisheries. 74 



100. The opinion of Mr. Atkins upon this subject 7G 



101. The opinion of Mr. Maddocks 77 



102. Recent changes in the northern limit of distribution 77 



Section E.— Abundance of the menhaden comparative and absolute 78 



16. Ahujidance in the past 78 



103. Abundance before 1850, from testimony of early writers 78 



17. Atiundance in the present 79 



104. Abundance on the cpast of Maine 79 



105. Abundance on the co.ast of New Hampshire 81 



106. Abundance on the coast of Massachusetts 81 



107. Abundance on the coast of Khode Island 84 



108. Abundance on the coast of Connecticut 85 



109. Abundance on the coast of ISTew York 87 



110. Review of the success of the fisheries in New England since 1865, by Mr. D. T. 



Church 88 



111. Review of the success of the fisheries in Long Island Sound since 1870, by Mr. 



George W.Miles 88 



112. Abundance on the coast of New Jersey 90 



113. Abundance on the coast of Delaware 90 



114. Abundance on the coast of Maryland and Virginia 90 



115. Abundance on the coast of North Carolina 91 



116. Abundance in Florida 92 



117. Summation of evidence as to increase or decrease 92 



18. Abundance in the future 93 



118. Probability of future decrease 93 



Section F.— Food of the menhaden 93 



19. Food 93 



119. Fishermen's ideas about the food of the menhaden 93 



120. Fishermen's ideas about the manner of feeding 93 



121. Examinations of stomach-contents 94 



122. Inferences from their examinations 94 



123. Professor Verrill's opinion as to the nutritive properties of bottom-mud 94 



124. Explanation of the evolutions of the menhaden-schools 95 



.125. Character of their food affecting the value of the fish for use for bait 95 



Section G.— Reproduction of the mlnhaden 95 



20. Studies of the parent fish 95 



126. Dissection of menhaden in Connecticut 95 



127. Dissections of menhaden in Maine 96 



123. Number of eggs in immature ovaries 96 



129. The fact that no ripe milt or spawn has been observed by naturalists 97 



130. A statement made by Mr. Atkins 97 



21. Studies of the young fish 98 



131. Appearance of the young south of Cape Cod 93 



132. Powers of locomotion possessed by the young 98 



22. Inferences as to the time and p)lace of spawning 99 



133. Inferences from studies of parent and young as to the times and places of spawning. 99 



134. The opinions of fishermen upon this subject 99 



135. The claim that menhaden spawn in southern rivers 100 



136. A criticism of a state'ment made by Professor Hind 100 



23. The xiossibility of artificial culture 100 



137. The claim that menhaden can bo artificially bred in the waters of the North 100 



Section H.— The enemies and fatalities of the menhaden ' 101 



24. Diseases of the menhaden 101 



138. Mortality of menhaden in the Merrimac River 101 



25. Parasites of the menhaden 101 



139. The crustacean parasite Oymothoa prcegustator 101 



