HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN MENHADEN. 183 



gallons ; G. S. Allyn & Co., 3^ gallons ; Waley & Co. and Luce Brotliers, 

 3:^ gallons; the Quiunipiac Fertilizer Company, 3J- gallons; J. H. Bishop, 

 3^ gallons ; and Fowler & Colburn, 3| gallons. 



New York manufacturers are estimated as follows : The Barren Island 

 Manufacturing Company, G. H. Clark, W. Y. Fithian & Co., 2^ gallons 

 to the thousand; Smith & Yariugton, 2^- gallons; S.Jones «& Co., 4i 

 gallous ; eleven factories in Gardiner's Bay, 3 gallons. 



New Jersey manufacturers are estimated as follows : Morris & Fifield, 

 2 gallons to the thousand ; James E. Otis, Griffen & Vail, Cyrus H. 

 Smith, 2} gallons. 



Maine manufacturers in 1877 were reported as follows : Albert Gray 

 & Co., li gallons to the barrel; Gallup, Morgan & Co., 2^1^^ gallons ; 

 Fowler, Foot & Co., 21 gallons; Suffolk Oil Company, 24 ""gaUons; E. 

 A. Friend, 2i gallons ; Gallup & Holmes, 2 J gallons ; Loud's Island 

 Company, 23 gallons. 



M. Maddocks declares that on the coast of Maine "one hundred and 

 ninety-five pounds of fish make a barrel. One barrel yields about two 

 and a half gallons of oil or eighteen and three-quarter pounds. One 

 barrel yields about eighty pounds of chum or scrap." 



Oil yield of Southern JisJi. 



255. Mr. Kenniston makes the following statement : " Corresponding 

 with the successive appearance of the menhaden from South to North 

 there is a progressive improvement in size and fatness. When they arrive 

 in Chesapeake Bay, in the spring, they are thin and lean, and appear to 

 be sluggish and stupid, so that they are easily caught — can almost be 

 taken out by the hand along the shore, which many of them follow 

 closely. Between Virginia and Maine the increase in weight is thought 

 to be one-third. In the fall the increase still continues, but the order of 

 it is reversed, the fish appearing to grow larger the farther South they 

 go, and on reaching Virginia again are twice as heavy as in the spring, 

 and have so gained in strength, swiftness, and wariness that they are 

 very hard to catch."* 



Mr. Dudley tells me that from his experience of two years he knows 

 that the first runs of fish in the Chesapeake are fat. This is in March 

 and April. 



Mr, A. C. Davis states that the June fish at Beaufort yield from f to 

 1 gallon, those in October and November 4 to 5 gallons. 



Mr. W. F. Hatsel, of Body's Island, states that the average yield is 1 J 

 gallons to the barrel, 75 gallons to the ton of scrap. 



Com;parison of yield in different localities. 



25G. These statements indicate in a general way that the yield of North- 

 ern is greater than that of Southern fish, though the disparity is not sO) 

 * Boardmau and Atkics, op. cit., p. 6. 



