HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN MENHADEN. 413 



19. In warm water ; probably in tlie Gulf Stream. 



20. Friars, sbrimp, and minnows. 



22. Tbink tbey mix indiscriminately. 



23. I never saw tbe water colored. 



26. I tbink tbey float in tbe water until batcbed. 



28. Not abundant in tbis section. 



29. Yes. 



30. Sea-<:cnlls and otber birds ; besides sbarks, dogfisb and bluefisb. 



31. Have noticed quantities of crabs in same seine witb pogies. 



32. Tbey suffer fearfully. 



33. Have noticed tbem lying dead on tbe sbore. I suppose tbey were 

 carried up by sboal water or by sea-weed. 



34. Purse-net witb small mesb. 



35. Various. Some 1,000 yards long and 6 fatboms deep. 



36. Steamers, scbooners, and sloops. 

 * 37. Ten to tbirty. 



38. Morning. 



39. Flood. 



41. None in immediate vicinity. • 



42. Mostly to oil factories. 



43. None ; one at Wood's HolL 



47. From 30 to 50 cents per barrel. 



48. One barrel, about. 

 50. One gallon. 



53. Until witbin a few years pogies were used by mackerel catcbers 

 for bait, ground in bait-mill on board of vessel, and fed out to tbis class 

 of fisb (mackerel) to raise tbem to surface of water. Tbey are tben 

 caugbt by book and line. Witbin a few years oil factories have been 

 established, taking in a large territory, and carried on on a large scale 

 at tbe present time. 



54. Cities. 



56. Painting purposes. 



58. I should say they bad not diminished. 



Menhaden, or pogies, as tbey are commonly called in tbe Eastern 

 States, were found in unusually large quantities during the year 1874, 

 apparently an increase in their numbers. One steamer alone carried 

 into Linnikeu's Bay (near Booth Bay, Maine) nearly 25,000 barrels. 

 Taking into consideration the large number of vessels of various kinds 

 connected witb the business, immense quantities of these fish must be 

 used up yearly, but still tbey come. 



27. Statement of William S. Allen, N^antuclcef, Mass., January, 1875. 



1. Menhaden. 



2. Comparison small. 



3. No observable change. 



