GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GADID^. 551 



of Greeuland, near Iceland only in the soutliwest, but very frequently 

 in the Bay of Eeickiavickj also from I'^iumarken, along the coast of 

 Sweden and Xorway, as far as Bohusliin, near Denmark and England. 



Finking. — In September this species, without being mixed with the 

 Gadus morrhua, is caught near Iceland in vast numbers ; it is distin- 

 guished by its small size and reddish color. Near Greenland and Den- 

 mark it is very common in winter. 



Gailiis minutus, L., the southern dwarf codfish, is very common in deep 

 waters, and generally near the bottom at a depth of 1,000 feet. It is 

 not found north of the 60th degree north latitude, but is found from 

 the Baltic and German Ocean as far south as the Mediterranean, in the 

 west on the eastern coast of North America, on the bank, near Boston 

 and New York ; but also on the western coast of North America, near 

 Blount St. Elias. It is also called •' Kageliu," and is used as bait ia 

 catching codfish. It is found at a depth of 90 feet,li miles east-southeast 

 of Lowestoft.* 



Molva vulgaris, Flem., is found in the north between the 77th and 35th 

 degrees northern latitude, from Spitzbergen to the Mediterranean, espe- 

 cially on the northern coasts of Europe as far as Iceland. The German 

 Ocean, however, and the coasts of Norway seem to be his i>roper home, 

 for here it is very common as far as Finmarken. On the coasts of Ice- 

 land it is found everywhere ; it is rare in the north of Iceland, although 

 it has been found as far as Grimsti ; toward the west it gets more fre- 

 quent, less so on the south coast. It is not very common, either, on the 

 coasts of Greenland and the Faroe Islands, and it is not found in the 

 Kattegat and the Baltic, while it occurs near the Bank of Newfoundland. 

 It generally keeps near the bottom, and loves deep water more than 

 common codfish ; it is found on sandy abd rocky bottom, at a depth of 

 about 600 feet. 



Fishing. — They are chiefl}^ caught between Trondhjem and Bergen. 

 The latter city alone furnishes about a million pounds every year. Next 

 to the codfish and the herring it is the most common iish in the market. 

 In Denmark it is caught by the fishermen on the west coast of Jutland 

 as far as Heligoland. Large numbers are also caught near the western 

 British Islands, the Orkney Islands, on the coast of Yorkshire, Cornwall, 

 near the Scilly Islands, and nearly along the whole coast of Ireland. 

 Near Iceland it is chiefly caught near Westjokul. 



Brosmius vulgaris, Flem., or the small-headed cod, is chiefly found in 

 the north, and on the European coasts it is not found much farther south 

 than the 60th degree northern latitude, and not much farther north than 

 the 70th degree. Large numbers are found on the coasts of Norway as 

 far as Finmarken, on the west and south coasts of Iceland, and near the 

 Faroe Islands, the Shetland and Orkney Islands, and the Frith of Forth ; 

 it is only found near the most northern point of Denmark, where it is 

 occasionally caught near Skagen, in Jutland. It is not caught on the 

 southern coasts of Denmark. It seldom occurs near the north and east 

 * The writer has confused several species under the name Gadm minuius. 



