EMDEN JOINT-STOCK HERRING-FISHERY ASSOCIATION. 771 



be, so to speak, against their nature, to show all their talents and virtues 

 immediately after going to sea, after having either loafed round on shore 

 for months, or been engaged in some occupation utterly distastetul to 

 them. 



These talents and virtues are still more lulled to sleep by the begin- 

 ning of the herring-fisheries during the calm summer months; and this 

 circumstance has its own pecuhar dangers. The majority of the crew 

 is composed of men who have spent most of their time on shore, and 

 who have but little experience in nautical affairs. They do not readily 

 understand the object of the captain's orders and arrangements, and, 

 following their instinct of tardiness, they always advocate a policy of 

 procrastination and waiting. If the captain allows himself to be influ- 

 enced by their talk, which will often be the case if those of the crew 

 who possess some nautical experience do not immediately take his part, 

 something is sure to go wrong. But if the men of nautical experience 

 have become thoroughly identified with the vessel, they will take a firm 

 stand and there will be better order on board from the first day of the 

 voyage. 



All these circumstances determined the managers of the enterprise 

 to begin the first winter fisheries with a very full crew. In England four 

 to five adults and one boy are considered a sufficient crew ; but our 

 managers selected one boy, three "logger" captains, and three mates, 

 to be instructed in trawl-fishing by an English master. The command 

 was left in the hands of the captain of the Oldenburg ; the two other 

 captains became first and second mates. In order to avoid jealousy, they 

 all received the same, viz, captain's wages ; the captain of the Olden- 

 burg receiving a trifle more for a few necessary expenses connected with 

 his office. The three mates were appointed as sailors. The wages were 

 fixed by giving the men a share of the gross receipts, but a minimum 

 monthly sum was guaranteed to them ; this sum will have to be paid at 

 any rate during the first years. It was of course understood that the 

 men were to receive their board. Although the new enterprise exposes 

 the men to many difficulties and hardships, it soon found great favor 

 among them, and when, during the following winter, two more " log- 

 gers" were fitted out, the x)laces on these were in great demand, which 

 is not at all astonishing if we hear what those seven men on the first 

 " logger" earned besides free board. They earned the following: 



John Janssen, as captain 



Aric Bass, as first mate , 



J. Gerhard Janssen, as second mate 



J. do Geus, as sailor 



F. de Vries, as sailor 



John Visser, as sailor , 



H. Putting, as boy 



*A8 captain. tAs mate. 



Winter 

 fisheries. 



$117 16 

 111 00 

 111 00 

 74 00 

 74 00 

 74 00 

 44 40 



Herring- 

 fisheries. 



*|157 60 



*159 48 



■^2^5 46 



t«n 73 



tl30 93 



t99 39 



}38 .'58 



Total. 



$274 76 

 270 48 

 336 46 

 1C5 73 

 204 93 

 173 39 

 82 93 



JAs boy. 



